UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

FORM 6-K

 

 

 

REPORT OF FOREIGN ISSUER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16 OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the month of May 2023

 

Commission file number: 001-39278

 

 

 

Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

 

Building D, Xiaomi Science and Technology Park, No. 33 Xierqi Middle Road,

Haidian District

Beijing, 100085, the People’s Republic of China

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

 

Form 20-F x         Form 40-F ¨

 

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit No. Description
   
99.1 Press Release
99.2 Earning Release

 

 

 

 

SIGNATURE

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

  Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited
     
Date: May 23, 2023 By: /s/ Haijian He
    Name: Haijian He
    Title: Chief Financial Officer and Director

 

 

 

Exhibit 99.1

 

Kingsoft Cloud Announces Unaudited First Quarter 2023 Financial Results

 

BEIJING, May 23, 2023 — Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited (“Kingsoft Cloud” or the “Company”) (NASDAQ: KC and HKEX: 3896), a leading independent cloud service provider in China, today announced its unaudited financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2023.

 

Mr. Tao Zou, Chief Executive Officer of Kingsoft Cloud, commented, “This quarter we remained committed to our high-quality and sustainable development strategy, continued to build our success based on technology, built our full life-cycle brand recognition centered around our clients, while keep enhancing our management of operating. Our results over the past few quarters demonstrate the effectiveness of our strategy. As we prepare to meet future opportunities and challenges head-on, we will nimbly execute on our strategy to create value for our customers, shareholders, employees, and society.”

 

Mr. Henry He, Chief Financial Officer of Kingsoft Cloud, added, “We are pleased to see that our profitability further improved steadily in the first quarter with the adjusted gross margin increasing for a fourth consecutive quarter and rising by a significant 6.6 percentage points year-over-year to a historical high of 10.4%. To help capital market better understand our path to improve our profitability, this quarter we started to provide gross profit and margin for public cloud and enterprise cloud services separately. Gross margin of public cloud services increased to 2.1% from negative 3.4% a year ago and gross margin of enterprise cloud services also improved significantly from 16.1% to 23.8%, testifying to the effectiveness of our strategy. Looking ahead, we will continue to take various measures to cut down expenses and we believe we are well on track to quarterly adjusted EBITDA breakeven.”

 

First Quarter 2023 Financial Results

 

Total Revenues reached RMB1,864.4 million (US$271.51 million), representing a decrease of 14.2% from RMB2,173.8 million in the same period of 2022. The decrease was mainly due to our proactive scaling down of CDN services, with its gross billings decreased by 11.7% on year-over-year basis, and more stringent selection of enterprise cloud projects.

 

    Revenues from public cloud services decreased by 16.4% to RMB1,153.7 million (US$168.0 million), compared with RMB1,380.8 million in the same quarter of 2022. The year-over-year decrease was mainly due to the above-mentioned scaling down of our CDN services.

 

 

1 This announcement contains translations of certain Renminbi (RMB) amounts into U.S. dollars (US$) at a specified rate solely for the convenience of the reader. Unless otherwise noted, the translation of RMB into US$ has been made at RMB6.8676 to US$1.00, the noon buying rate in effect on March 31, 2023 as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

 

 

 

 

    Revenues from enterprise cloud services were RMB710.0 million (US$103.4 million), representing a decrease of 10.4% from RMB792.5 million in the same quarter of 2022. The year-over-year decrease was mainly due to the impact of the surging wave of COVID-19 infections in January 2023, seasonality of Chinese New Year holidays, as well as more stringent project selection.

 

    Other revenues were RMB0.8 million (US$0.1 million).

 

Cost of revenues was RMB1,670.2 million (US$243.2 million), representing a significant decrease of 20.2% from RMB2,093.9 million in the same quarter of 2022. We continue to enhance our cost control measures. IDC costs decreased significantly by 21.4% year-over-year from RMB1,110.3 million to RMB872.4 million this quarter. Depreciation and amortization costs decreased by 8.7% from RMB246.1 million to RMB224.6 million. Solution development and services costs decreased by 11.0% from RMB476.0 million to RMB423.6 million this quarter. Fulfillment costs and other costs were RMB122.7 million and RMB26.9 million this quarter, which is in line with our enterprise cloud projects’ quality control strategy.

 

Gross profit was RMB194.2 million (US$28.3 million), which is a record high quarterly gross profit, representing a significant increase of 142.8% from RMB80.0 million in the same period in 2022. Gross margin was 10.4%, compared with 3.7% in the same period in 2022. Non-GAAP gross profit2 was RMB194.4 million (US$28.3 million), compared with RMB83.6 million in the same period in 2022. Non-GAAP gross margin2 was 10.4%, compared with 3.8% in the same period in 2022. The significant improvement of our gross profit and margin was mainly due to our strategic adjustment of revenue mix, optimized enterprise cloud project selection and efficient cost control measures, showing our strong commitment to improving our profitability and delivering high-quality and sustainable development.

 

Within that, gross profit of public cloud services was RMB24.8 million (US$3.6 million), which was significantly improved from the gross loss of RMB47.2 million in same period last year. Gross margin of public cloud services was 2.1%, compared with negative 3.4% in the same period last year. The improvement was mainly due to our proactive scale down of CDN services and adjustment of our clients’ structure. Gross profit of enterprise cloud services was RMB169.0 million (US$24.6 million), compared with RMB127.4 million in the same period last year. Gross margin of enterprise cloud services was 23.8%, improved from 16.1% in the same period last year. The improvement was mainly due to our more stringent enterprise cloud project selection.

 

Total operating expenses were RMB792.1 million (US$115.3 million), compared with RMB824.3 million last quarter and RMB612.8 million in the same period in 2022. Among which:

 

Selling and marketing expenses were RMB88.1 million (US$12.8 million), further decreased from RMB126.1 million last quarter and RMB144.4 million in the same period in 2022.

 

General and administrative expenses were RMB488.6 million (US$71.2 million), compared with RMB 442.8 million last quarter and RMB221.8 million in the same period in 2022. The increase was mainly due to one-time long-lived assets impairment loss of public cloud asset group of RMB185.1 million and loss on disposal of property and equipment of RMB20.2 million.

 

Research and development expenses were RMB215.4 million (US$31.4 million), further decreased from RMB255.5 million last quarter and RMB246.6 million in the same period in 2022.

 

Operating loss was RMB597.9 million (US$87.1 million), compared with operating loss of RMB662.4 million last quarter and RMB532.8 million in the same quarter of 2022.

 

 

2 Non-GAAP gross profit is defined as gross profit excluding share-based compensation allocated in the cost of revenues and we define Non-GAAP gross margin as Non-GAAP gross profit as a percentage of revenues. See “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” set forth at the end of this press release.

 

 

 

 

Net loss was RMB608.8 million (US$88.7 million), compared with net loss of RMB521.7 million last quarter and RMB554.8 million in the same quarter of 2022. The year-over-year increase was mainly due to the impact of operating loss, while offset by our gross profit improvements.

 

Non-GAAP net loss3 was RMB412.5 million (US$60.1 million), significantly narrowed from net loss of RMB552.7 million last quarter and RMB442.9 million in the same quarter of 2022.

 

Non-GAAP EBITDA4 was RMB-130.5 million (US$-19.0 million), which was largely narrowed from RMB-245.1 million last quarter and RMB-144.2 million in the same quarter of 2022. Non-GAAP EBITDA margin was-7.0% this quarter, compared with -11.5% last quarter and -6.6% in the same quarter last year. Excluding loss on disposal of property and equipment, normalized Non-GAAP EBITDA was RMB-110.3 million this quarter, improved from RMB-216.3 million last quarter and RMB-144.2 million in the same period last quarter. Normalized Non-GAAP EBITDA margin was -5.9%, compared with -10.2% last quarter and -6.6% in the same quarter of 2022.

 

Basic and diluted net loss per share was RMB0.17 (US$0.02), compared with RMB0.14 last quarter and RMB0.15 in the same quarter of 2022.

 

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were RMB4,461.6 million (US$649.7 million) as of March 31, 2023, representing strong and sustainable cash reserve.

 

Outstanding ordinary shares were 3,509,636,591 as of March 31, 2023, equivalent to about 233,975,773 ADSs.

 

Business Outlook

 

For the second quarter of 2023, the Company expects total revenues to be between RMB1.85 billion and RMB2.00 billion. This forecast reflects the Company’s current and preliminary views on the market and operational conditions, which are subject to change.

 

Conference Call Information

 

Kingsoft Cloud’s management will host an earnings conference call on Tuesday, May 23, 2023 at 8:15 am, U.S. Eastern Time (8:15 pm, Beijing/Hong Kong Time on the same day).

 

Participants can register for the conference call by navigating to https://register.vevent.com/register/BI10c24f9a1b6b451b80e048e41962b3b5. Once preregistration has been completed, participants will receive dial-in numbers, direct event passcode, and a unique access PIN.

 

To join the conference, simply dial the number in the calendar invite you receive after preregistering, enter the passcode followed by your PIN, and you will join the conference instantly.

 

 

3 Non-GAAP net loss is defined as net loss excluding share-based compensation foreign exchange loss (gain) and impairment of long-lived assets, and we define Non-GAAP net loss margin as adjusted net loss as a percentage of revenues. See “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” set forth at the end of this press release.

 

4 Non-GAAP EBITDA is defined as Non-GAAP net loss excluding interest income, interest expense, income tax expense and depreciation and amortization, and we define Non-GAAP EBITDA margin as Non-GAAP EBITDA as a percentage of revenues. See “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” set forth at the end of this press release.

 

 

 

 

Additionally, a live and archived webcast of the conference call will also be available on the Company’s investor relations website at http://ir.ksyun.com.

 

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

 

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial information is prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). In evaluating our business, we consider and use certain non-GAAP measures, Non-GAAP gross profit, Non-GAAP gross margin, Non-GAAP EBITDA, Non-GAAP EBITDA margin, Non-GAAP net loss and Non-GAAP net loss margin, as supplemental measures to review and assess our operating performance. The presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We define Non-GAAP gross profit as gross profit excluding share-based compensation allocated in the cost of revenues, and we define Non-GAAP gross margin as Non-GAAP gross profit as a percentage of revenues. We define Non-GAAP net loss as net loss excluding share-based compensation foreign exchange loss (gain) and impairment of long-lived assets, and we define Non-GAAP net loss margin as adjusted net loss as a percentage of revenues. We define Non-GAAP EBITDA as Non-GAAP net loss excluding interest income, interest expense, income tax expense and depreciation and amortization, and we define Non-GAAP EBITDA margin as Non-GAAP EBITDA as a percentage of revenues. We present these non-GAAP financial measures because they are used by our management to evaluate our operating performance and formulate business plans. We also believe that the use of these non-GAAP measures facilitates investors’ assessment of our operating performance.

 

These non-GAAP financial measures are not defined under U.S. GAAP and are not presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools. One of the key limitations of using these non-GAAP financial measures is that they do not reflect all items of income and expense that affect our operations. Further, these non-GAAP measures may differ from the non-GAAP information used by other companies, including peer companies, and therefore their comparability may be limited.

 

We compensate for these limitations by reconciling these non-GAAP financial measures to the nearest U.S. GAAP performance measure, all of which should be considered when evaluating our performance. We encourage you to review our financial information in its entirety and not rely on a single financial measure.

 

Exchange Rate Information

 

This press release contains translations of certain RMB amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of readers. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from RMB to U.S. dollars, in this press release, were made at a rate of RMB6.8676 to US$1.00, the noon buying rate in effect on March 31, 2023 as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

 

Safe Harbor Statement

 

This announcement contains forward-looking statements. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “will,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “future,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates” and similar statements. Among other things, the Business Outlook, and quotations from management in this announcement, as well as Kingsoft Cloud’s strategic and operational plans, contain forward-looking statements. Kingsoft Cloud may also make written or oral forward-looking statements in its periodic reports to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), in its annual report to shareholders, in press releases and other written materials and in oral statements made by its officers, directors or employees to third parties. Statements that are not historical facts, including but not limited to statements about Kingsoft Cloud’s beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement, including but not limited to the following: Kingsoft Cloud’s goals and strategies; Kingsoft Cloud’s future business development, results of operations and financial condition; relevant government policies and regulations relating to Kingsoft Cloud’s business and industry; the expected growth of the cloud service market in China; the expectation regarding the rate at which to gain customers, especially Premium Customers; Kingsoft Cloud’s ability to monetize the customer base; fluctuations in general economic and business conditions in China; the impact of the COVID-19 to Kingsoft Cloud’s business operations and the economy in China and elsewhere generally; China’s political or social conditions and assumptions underlying or related to any of the foregoing. Further information regarding these and other risks is included in Kingsoft Cloud’s filings with the SEC. All information provided in this press release and in the attachments is as of the date of this press release, and Kingsoft Cloud does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement, except as required under applicable law.

 

 

 

 

About Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited

 

Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited (NASDAQ: KC and HKEX:3896) is a leading independent cloud service provider in China. With extensive cloud infrastructure, cutting-edge cloud-native products based on vigorous cloud technology research and development capabilities, well-architected industry-specific solutions and end-to-end fulfillment and deployment, Kingsoft Cloud offers comprehensive, reliable and trusted cloud service to customers in strategically selected verticals.

 

For more information, please visit: http://ir.ksyun.com.

 

For investor and media inquiries, please contact:

 

Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited

Nicole Shan

Tel: +86 (10) 6292-7777 Ext. 6300

Email: ksc-ir@kingsoft.com

 

Christensen

In China

Mr. Eric Yuan

Phone: +86-10-5900-1548

Email: eric.yuan@christensencomms.com

 

In US

Ms. Linda Bergkamp

Phone: +1-480-6143004

Email: lbergkamp@christensenir.com

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 99.2

 

KINGSOFT CLOUD HOLDINGS LIMITED

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(All amounts in thousands)

 

   Dec 31,
2022
   Mar 31,
2023
   Mar 31,
2023
 
   RMB   RMB   US$ 
ASSETS               
Current assets:               
Cash and cash equivalents   3,419,166    3,568,288    519,583 
Restricted cash   114,560    97,897    14,255 
Accounts receivable, net   2,402,430    2,232,702    325,107 
Short-term investments   1,253,670    893,311    130,076 
Prepayments and other assets   1,612,022    1,614,758    235,126 
Amounts due from related parties   246,505    307,347    44,753 
Total current assets   9,048,353    8,714,303    1,268,900 
Non-current assets:               
Property and equipment, net   2,132,994    1,786,097    260,076 
Intangible assets, net   1,008,020    962,968    140,219 
Prepayments and other assets   21,263    21,046    3,065 
Equity investments   273,580    268,338    39,073 
Goodwill   4,605,724    4,605,724    670,645 
Amounts due from related parties   5,758    6,389    930 
Operating lease right-of-use assets   220,539    192,393    28,015 
Total non-current assets   8,267,878    7,842,955    1,142,023 
Total assets   17,316,231    16,557,258    2,410,923 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY               
Current liabilities:               
Short-term bank loans   909,500    1,087,206    158,309 
Accounts payable   2,301,958    2,195,642    319,710 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities   2,830,826    2,671,739    389,035 
Income tax payable   51,892    55,117    8,026 
Amounts due to related parties   427,727    420,088    61,170 
Current operating lease liabilities   136,723    115,769    16,857 
Total current liabilities   6,658,626    6,545,561    953,107 
Non-current liabilities:               
Deferred tax liabilities   167,052    155,522    22,646 
Amounts due to related parties   413,464    337,583    49,156 
Other liabilities   370,531    447,981    65,231 
Non-current operating lease liabilities   123,059    114,458    16,666 
Total non-current liabilities   1,074,106    1,055,544    153,699 
Total liabilities   7,732,732    7,601,105    1,106,806 
Shareholders’ equity:               
Ordinary shares   25,062    25,070    3,650 
Treasury stock   (208,385)   (208,385)   (30,343)
Additional paid-in capital   18,648,205    18,659,506    2,717,034 
Statutory reserves funds   (14,700)   (14,700)   (2,140)
Accumulated deficit   (10,102,236)   (10,709,224)   (1,559,384)
Accumulated other comprehensive income   453,074    423,241    61,629 
Total Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited shareholders’ equity   8,801,020    8,175,508    1,190,446 
Noncontrolling interests   782,479    780,645    113,671 
Total equity   9,583,499    8,956,153    1,304,117 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity   17,316,231    16,557,258    2,410,923 

 

 

 

 

KINGSOFT CLOUD HOLDINGS LIMITED

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(All amounts in thousands, except for share and per share data)

 

   Three Months Ended 
   Mar 31,
2022
   Dec 31,
2022
   Mar 31,
2023
   Mar 31,
2023
 
   RMB   RMB   RMB   US$ 
Revenues:                    
Public cloud services   1,380,807    1,344,293    1,153,674    167,988 
Enterprise cloud services   792,509    785,918    709,976    103,381 
Others   493    802    750    109 
Total revenues   2,173,809    2,131,013    1,864,400    271,478 
Cost of revenues   (2,093,851)   (1,969,056)   (1,670,215)   (243,202)
Gross profit   79,958    161,957    194,185    28,276 
Operating expenses:                    
Selling and marketing expenses   (144,405)   (126,081)   (88,053)   (12,822)
General and administrative expenses   (221,763)   (442,764)   (488,628)   (71,150)
Research and development expenses   (246,633)   (255,488)   (215,370)   (31,360)
Total operating expenses   (612,801)   (824,333)   (792,051)   (115,332)
Operating loss   (532,843)   (662,376)   (597,866)   (87,056)
Interest income   21,157    21,688    14,068    2,048 
Interest expense   (34,066)   (31,694)   (27,927)   (4,066)
Foreign exchange (loss) gain   (18,741)   132,290    93    14 
Other (loss) gain, net   (12,035)   26,399    (7,946)   (1,157)
Other income, net   20,038    4,085    12,286    1,789 
Loss before income taxes   (556,490)   (509,608)   (607,292)   (88,428)
Income tax benefit (expense)   1,670    (12,049)   (1,529)   (223)
Net loss   (554,820)   (521,657)   (608,821)   (88,651)
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests   (1,571)   (12,779)   (1,833)   (267)
Net loss attributable to Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited   (553,249)   (508,878)   (606,988)   (88,384)
                     
Net loss per share:                    
Basic and diluted   (0.15)   (0.14)   (0.17)   (0.02)
Shares used in the net loss per share computation:                    
Basic and diluted   3,648,282,282    3,528,680,363    3,546,512,621    3,546,512,621 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax of nil:                    
Foreign currency translation adjustments   (9,764)   (136,070)   (29,833)   (4,344)
Comprehensive loss   (564,584)   (657,727)   (638,654)   (92,995)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests   408    (12,682)   (1,834)   (267)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited shareholders   (564,992)   (645,045)   (636,820)   (92,728)

 

 

 

 

KINGSOFT CLOUD HOLDINGS LIMITED

RECONCILIATION OF GAAP AND NON-GAAP RESULTS

(All amounts in thousands, except for percentage)

 

   Three Months Ended 
   Mar 31,
2022
   Dec 31,
2022
   Mar 31,
2023
   Mar 31,
2023
 
   RMB   RMB   RMB   US$ 
Gross profit   79,958    161,957    194,185    28,276 
Adjustments:                    
– Share-based compensation expenses   3,619    6,557    224    33 
Adjusted gross profit   83,577    168,514    194,409    28,309 

 

 

 

 

KINGSOFT CLOUD HOLDINGS LIMITED

RECONCILIATION OF GAAP AND NON-GAAP RESULTS

(All amounts in thousands, except for percentage)

 

   Three Months Ended 
   Mar 31,
2022
   Dec 31,
2022
   Mar 31,
2023
 
Gross margin   3.7%   7.6%   10.4%
Adjusted gross margin   3.8%   7.9%   10.4%

 

 

 

 

KINGSOFT CLOUD HOLDINGS LIMITED

RECONCILIATION OF GAAP AND NON-GAAP RESULTS

(All amounts in thousands, except for percentage)

 

   Three Months Ended 
   Mar 31,
2022
   Dec 31,
2022
   Mar 31,
2023
   Mar 31,
2023
 
   RMB   RMB   RMB   US$ 
Net Loss   (554,820)   (521,657)   (608,821)   (88,651)
Adjustments:                    
– Share-based compensation expenses   93,182    101,270    11,309    1,647 
– Foreign exchange loss (gain)   18,741    (132,290)   (93)   (14)
– Impairment of long-lived assets   -    -    185,135    26,958 
Adjusted net loss   (442,897)   (552,677)   (412,470)   (60,060)
Adjustments:                    
– Interest income   (21,157)   (21,688)   (14,068)   (2,048)
– Interest expense   34,066    31,694    27,927    4,066 
– Income tax (benefit) expense   (1,670)   12,049    1,529    223 
– Depreciation and amortization   287,481    285,515    266,535    38,811 
Adjusted EBITDA   (144,177)   (245,107)   (130,547)   (19,008)
– Loss on disposal of property and equipment   -    28,788    20,216    2,944 
Excluding loss on disposal of property and equipment, normalized Adjusted EBITDA   (144,177)   (216,319)   (110,331)   (16,064)

 

 

 

 

KINGSOFT CLOUD HOLDINGS LIMITED

RECONCILIATION OF GAAP AND NON-GAAP RESULTS

(All amounts in thousands, except for percentage)

 

   Three Months Ended 
   Mar 31,
2022
   Dec 31,
2022
   Mar 31,
2023
 
Net loss margin   -25.5%   -24.5%   -32.7%
Adjusted net loss margin   -20.4%   -25.9%   -22.1%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin   -6.6%   -11.5%   -7.0%
Normalized Adjusted EBITDA   -6.6%   -10.2%   -5.9%

 

 

 

 

KINGSOFT CLOUD HOLDINGS LIMITED

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(All amounts in thousands)  

 

   Three Months Ended 
   Mar 31,
2022
   Dec 31,
2022
   Mar 31,
2023
   Mar 31,
2023
 
   RMB   RMB   RMB   US$ 
Net cash (used in) generated from operating activities   (626,008)   370,446    (271,387)   (39,517)
Net cash (used in) generated from investing activities   (524,766)   900,951    319,670    46,548 
Net cash generated from (used in) financing activities   97,609    (806,656)   103,994    15,143 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash   (21,017)   (137,369)   (19,818)   (2,886)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash   (1,053,165)   464,741    152,277    22,174 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period   4,456,621    3,206,354    3,533,726    514,550 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period   3,382,439    3,533,726    3,666,185    533,838