SEC Filing | Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN ISSUER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16 OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of December 2022

Commission file number: 001-39278

Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Building E, Xiaomi Science and Technology Park, No. 33 Xierqi Middle Road,
Haidian District
Beijing, 100085, the People’s Republic of China

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F ☒ Form 40-F ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1): ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7): ☐

This Report on Form 6-K shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into the registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333- 260181) filed by Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 12, 2021 and to be a part thereof from the date on which this report is filed, to the extent not superseded by documents or reports subsequently filed or furnished.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.			Description
99.1			Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited Makes Supplemental and Updated Disclosures

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited

Date: December 23, 2022	By:	/s/ Haijian He
		Name:	Haijian He
		Title:	Chief Financial Officer

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Exhibit 99.1

Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited Makes Supplemental and Updated Disclosures

Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited (the “Company” or “we”) has published a listing document (the “Listing Document”) in connection with a proposed dual primary listing (the “Proposed Listing”) of its ordinary shares (the “Shares”), with a par value of US$0.001 each, on the Main Board of the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “Hong Kong Stock Exchange”) by way of introduction.

The Listing Document contains new and supplemental descriptions of certain aspects of the Company’s business and financial information as required by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Listing Rules, updated disclosures of certain information previously disclosed in the Company’s annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Form 20-F”). This Supplemental and Updated Disclosures exhibit sets forth such new, supplemental, and updated information and disclosures as described below and is incorporated by reference into the Company’s registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333- 260181) filed with the SEC on October 12, 2021. The disclosures herein supplement, and should be read in conjunction with, the disclosures in the 2021 Form 20-F, other disclosures furnished on Form 6-K, and other disclosures in documents or reports filed with or furnished to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Listing Document. Unless otherwise stated, (i) all translations of financial data for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and as of June 30, 2022 in Renminbi into U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars into Renminbi were made at the noon buying rate of RMB6.6981 per US$1.00 on June 30, 2022 in the City of New York for cable transfers of RMB as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and (ii) all translations of financial data for the year ended December 31, 2021 and as of December 31, 2021 in Renminbi into U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars into Renminbi were made at the noon buying rate of RMB6.3726 per US$1.00 on December 31, 2021 in the City of New York for cable transfers of RMB as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. All translations of financial data as of and for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and as of September 30, 2022 from Renminbi into U.S. dollars were made at the rate of RMB7.1135 to US$1.00, the exchange rate on September 30, 2022 set forth in the H.10 statistical release of The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board.

There is no assurance as to if or when the Proposed Listing will take place. This communication is neither an offer to sell nor a solicitation of an offer to buy, nor shall there be any offer, solicitation, or sale of the Company’s securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation, or sale would be unlawful.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This exhibit contains statements that constitute forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs.

These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our goals and growth strategies, our future business development, results of operations and financial condition, relevant government policies and regulations relating to our business and industry, general economic and business conditions in China, and assumptions underlying or related to any of the foregoing.

Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement, including but not limited to the following: our future business development, financial condition and results of operations; our business strategies and plans to carry out these strategies; future developments, trends and conditions in the industry and markets in which we operate or into which we intend to expand; our ability to identify and satisfy user demands and preferences; our ability to maintain good relationships with our customers and other business partners; general economic, political and business conditions in the industries and markets in which we operate; any changes in the laws, rules and regulations of the central and local governments in China and other relevant jurisdictions and the rules, regulations and policies of the relevant governmental authorities relating to all aspects of our business and our business plans; the actions and developments of our competitors; China’s political or social conditions and assumptions underlying or related to any of the foregoing; and all other risks and uncertainties described in the section headed “Risk Factors”.

Further information regarding these and other risks is included in the Company’s filings with the SEC. All information provided in this press release and in the attachments is as of the date of this press release, and the Company does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement, except as required under applicable law. You should read this exhibit completely in conjunction with our annual reports on Form 20-F and other documents filed with or furnished to the SEC and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

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	RECENT DEVELOPMENTS					1
	RISK FACTORS					8
	INDUSTRY OVERVIEW					42
	REGULATIONS					52
	HISTORY, REORGANIZATION AND CORPORATE STRUCTURE					57
	BUSINESS					73
	CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS					126
	FINANCIAL INFORMATION					135
	CONNECTED TRANSACTIONS					189
	SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDERS					201
	DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT					202

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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

The following section presents updates relating to selected information subsequent to our 2021 Form 20-F filed with the SEC on May 2, 2022, and is incorporated by reference into the registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333- 260181) filed with the SEC on October 12, 2021.

Operational Highlights for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

The following table sets forth our key operating metrics for the period indicated.

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30
	2021*		2022
Public Cloud Services
Number of Public Cloud Service Premium Customers		217		204
– Including:
New customers acquired in the period		41		41
Existing customers		176		163
Net dollar retention rate of Public Cloud Service Premium Customers(1)		113.8%		85.4%
Average revenues per Public Cloud Service Premium Customers (RMB in million)(3)		20.8		19.4
Enterprise Cloud Services
Number of Enterprise Cloud Service Premium Customers		339		316
– Including:
New customers acquired in the period		300		277
Existing customers		39		39
Average revenues per Enterprise Cloud Services Premium Customers (RMB in million)(3)		5.2		6.3
Total
Number of Premium Customers(2)		554		515
– Including:
New customers acquired in the period		344		318
Existing customers		210		197
Average revenues per Premium Customer (RMB in million)(3)		11.4		11.5
Number of Enterprise Cloud Projects(4)		522		631

Notes:

Except for the purpose of calculating the number of Premium Customers as detailed in Note (2) below, revenues for the nine months ended 2021 do not include financial results of Camelot before our acquisition in September 2021.

(1)

Net dollar retention rate of Public Cloud Service Premium Customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 is calculated by dividing the revenues from our Public Cloud Service Premium Customers in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, by the revenues from our Public Cloud Service Premium Customers in the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

(2)

The Premium Customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022 refer to customers with revenue of RMB525,000 for the respective period. The number of Premium Customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 includes customers of Camelot with revenue of over RMB525,000 in the same period.

(3)

The average revenues per Premium Customer for an interim period are not annualized. The average revenues per Premium Customer for a given period are calculated by dividing the historical revenues from Premium Customers by the number of Premium Customers for the same period.

(4)

The increase in number of enterprise cloud projects in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was mainly due to our acquisition of Camelot Group.

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Financial Results for the Third Quarter of 2022

Unless otherwise stated, all translations of RMB amounts into U.S. dollars in this “Financial Results for the Third Quarter of 2022” section were made at RMB7.1135 to US$1.00, the noon buying rate in effect on September 30, 2022 as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

Summary Consolidated Results of Operations

The table below sets forth our summary unaudited condensed consolidated statements of profit or loss in absolute amount and percentage of the total revenues for the periods indicated, which are extracted from the Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Information set out in Exhibit 99.2 entitled “Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” to the Form 6-K dated December 23, 2022.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30
	2021			2022
	RMB			RMB		US$
	(unaudited)
	(in thousands)
Revenues:
Public cloud services		1,685,999	69.8%		1,346,038		189,223	68.4%
Enterprise cloud services		726,865	30.1%		621,975		87,436	31.6%
Others		971	0.1%		774		109	0.0%
Total revenues		2,413,835	100.0%		1,968,787		276,768	100.0%
Cost of revenues		(2,325,423)	(96.3)%		(1,846,368)		(259,558)	(93.8)%
Gross profit		88,412	3.7%		122,419		17,210	6.2%
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing expenses		(132,202)	(5.5)%		(143,363)		(20,154)	(7.3)%
General and administrative expenses		(156,573)	(6.5)%		(235,077)		(33,047)	(11.9)%
Research and development expenses		(268,721)	(11.1)%		(248,149)		(34,884)	(12.6)%
Total operating expenses		(557,496)	(23.1)%		(626,589)		(88,085)	(31.8)%
Operating loss		(469,084)	(19.4)%		(504,170)		(70,875)	(25.6)%

Revenues

Our revenues decreased by 18.4% from RMB2,413.8 million for the third quarter of 2021 to RMB1,968.8 million (US$276.8 million) for the third quarter of 2022, which was primarily attributable to changes of revenues generated from public cloud services and enterprise cloud services over the same periods as discussed below.

Public cloud services

Our revenues generated from public cloud services decreased by 20.2% from RMB1,686.0 million for the third quarter of 2021 to RMB1,346.0 million (US$189.2 million) for the third quarter of 2022. The decrease in our revenues generated from public cloud services were primarily due to our proactive scale-down of CDN products as evidenced by the decrease of 27.6% in our gross billings of delivery products from the third quarter of 2021 to the third quarter of 2022.

Enterprise cloud services

Our revenues generated from enterprise cloud services decreased by 14.4% from RMB726.9 million in the third quarter of 2021 to RMB622.0 million (US$87.4 million) in the third quarter of 2022. The decrease was

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primarily attributable to the impact of the resurgence of COVID-19 as well as our more stringent project selection, partially offset by the consolidation of financial results of Camelot.

Cost of Revenues

Our cost of revenues decreased by 20.6% from RMB2,325.4 million in the third quarter of 2021 to RMB1,846.4 million (US$259.6 million) in the third quarter of 2022. The decrease in cost of revenues was primarily attributable to (i) a decrease of RMB432.3 million in fulfillment costs primarily as a result of (a) the decrease of revenues from Kingsoft Cloud enterprise cloud services due to negative impacts of COVID-19, and (b) the decrease of fulfillment costs as percentages of total enterprise cloud services revenue due to our strategic focus on selected high quality projects, (ii) a decrease of RMB332.6 million in IDC costs mainly due to our proactive scale-down of CDN products, and was partially offset by an increase of RMB283.1 million in solution development and services costs mainly due to the consolidation of Camelot.

Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin

As a result of the foregoing, our gross profit significantly increased by 38.5% from RMB88.4 million in the third quarter of 2021 to RMB122.4 million (US$17.2 million) in the third quarter of 2022. Our gross profit margin increased significantly from 3.7% in the third quarter of 2021 to 6.2% in the third quarter of 2022. The significant increase was primarily attributable to our strategic focus on selected high quality projects as well as efficient cost control measures.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses decreased by 7.7% from RMB268.7 million in the third quarter of 2021 to RMB248.1 million (US$34.9 million) in the third quarter of 2022.

Selling and Marketing Expenses

Our selling and marketing expenses increased by 8.5% from RMB132.2 million in the third quarter of 2021 to RMB143.4 million (US$20.2 million) in the third quarter of 2022.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses increased from RMB156.6 million in the third quarter of 2021 to RMB235.1 million (US$33.0 million) in the third quarter of 2022, primarily attributable to an increase in credit losses primarily for accounts receivable and contract assets from RMB28.3 million to RMB98.4 million (US$13.8 million) mainly because we made provisions on accounts receivable that may have recoverability issues. These provisions were mainly made for individually impaired amounts receivable and contract assets that are related to specific customers with known collectivity issues, mostly customers whose cash flows were severely affected by the resurgence of COVID-19 and the associated restrictive measures and slowdown of macroeconomics. For details of the recoverability of our accounts receivables and our relevant management policies, see “Financial Information — Discussion of Selected Items From the Consolidated Balance Sheets — Accounts Receivable, Net of Allowance.”

Operating Loss

As a result of the foregoing, our operating loss increased by 7.5% from RMB469.1 million in the third quarter of 2021 to RMB504.2 million (US$70.9 million) in the third quarter of 2022. Our operating loss margin increased from 19.4% in the third quarter of 2021 to 25.6% in the third quarter of 2022.

Net Current Assets and Liabilities

We recorded net current assets of RMB2,837.6 million (US$398.9 million) as of September 30, 2022. The table below sets forth our current assets and current liabilities as of the dates indicated, and the financial

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results as of June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022 are extracted from the Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Information set out in Exhibit 99.1 and Exhibit 99.2 each entitled “Kingsoft Cloud Holdings Limited Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” to the Form 6-K dated December 23, 2022.

	As of June 30, 2022		As of September 30, 2022
	RMB		RMB		US$
	(unaudited)		(unaudited)
	(in thousands)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		2,732,331		3,163,210		444,677
Restricted cash		44,439		43,144		6,065
Accounts receivable, net		2,872,904		2,566,969		360,859
Short-term investments		2,619,701		2,165,674		304,446
Prepayments and other assets		1,694,048		1,734,108		243,779
Amounts due from related parties		357,853		365,853		51,431
Total current assets		10,321,276		10,038,958		1,411,257
Current liabilities:
Short-term bank loans		1,266,270		1,041,045		146,348
Accounts payable		2,409,134		2,454,610		345,064
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		2,748,407		2,708,447		380,748
Income tax payable		43,163		40,926		5,753
Amounts due to related parties		826,042		851,851		119,751
Current operating lease liabilities		100,620		104,528		14,694
Total current liabilities		7,393,636		7,201,407		1,012,358
Total Net Current Assets		2,927,640		2,837,551		398,899

Cash Flows and Working Capital

In the third quarter of 2022, we generated net cash of RMB100.9 million from operating activities, representing a significant increase from RMB13.9 million in the third quarter of 2021, primarily because of improvement of accounts receivable recoveries and accounts payables. Our recoveries of accounts receivable improved significantly, as demonstrated by (i) the RMB210.4 million decrease of accounts receivable in the third quarter of 2022, and (ii) other than Camelot Group, cash payments from Kingsoft Cloud’s customers amounting to RMB5,439 million and RMB5,355 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2022, respectively, representing 87.8% and 123.1% of revenues for the same periods, respectively, demonstrating our improved collection of accounts receivable in 2022. The improvement was mainly due to (i) our enhanced collection efforts, such as adjusting our monthly accounts collection targets as well as promptly following up with collection of accounts receivable; and (ii) our stringent project selection favoring customers with strong liquidity position and low credit risk. In addition, our accounts payable increased by RMB7.5 million in the third quarter, primarily due to our enhanced payment management, such as adjusting our monthly payment plans and firming our payment approval process.

In the third quarter of 2022, we generated net cash of RMB323.8 million from investing activities, representing a significant increase from RMB99.4 million in the third quarter of 2021, primarily attributable to proceeds from maturities of short-term investments, partially offset by purchases of short-term investments and purchases of property and equipment.

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In the third quarter of 2022, we used net cash of RMB130.7 million in financing activities, compared with net cash of RMB526.2 million generated from financing activities in the third quarter of 2021, primarily attributable to our repayment of short-term bank loans and loans due to related parties, partially offset by proceeds from short-term bank loans and loans due to related parties.

As of September 30, 2022, we had RMB5,328.9 million (US$749.1 million) in cash and cash equivalents and short-term investment, which included cash deposits at fixed rates.

Business Outlook

For the fourth quarter of 2022, we expect our total revenues to be between RMB2.0 billion and RMB2.2 billion. This forecast reflects our current and preliminary views on the market and operational conditions, which are subject to change.

Recent Regulatory Developments

Overseas Listing

Our Directors are of the view that, after consulting our PRC Legal Adviser, assuming the draft Overseas Listing Regulations were adopted in the current forms, we would be able to comply with the Overseas Listing Regulations and do not foresee any material legal impediment in completing the filing procedure with the CSRC for the proposed Listing under such new rules, primarily on the basis that we are not aware of any specific circumstance of our Group which falls into the circumstances stipulated in Article 7 of the draft Administrative Provisions that prohibit a domestic company from conducting an overseas listing. We believe that the draft Overseas Listing Regulations would not have a material adverse impact on our business operations, the Contractual Arrangements or the proposed Listing.

Furthermore, in a press conference held by the NDRC on January 18, 2022, a spokesperson made it clear that Article 6 of Interpretation Notes of the Special Management Measures for the Entry of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 version) (“Article 6 of the 2021 Negative List”) shall only apply to the situations where a domestic enterprise seeks a direct overseas listing. Therefore, our Directors are of the view that the requirements stipulated in Article 6 of the 2021 Negative list are currently not applicable to our proposed dual primary listing on the Stock Exchange with the VIE structure.

As of the Latest Practicable Date, we have not received any formal inquiry, notice, warning, sanction, or any regulatory objection to the Introduction from the CSRC or any other PRC regulatory agencies that have jurisdiction over our operations.

See also “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Doing Business in China — The filing, approval or other administrative requirements of the CSRC or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with the Introduction under PRC law.” and “Regulations — Regulations Related to Overseas Listing.”

Cybersecurity Review

On December 28, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China, or the CAC, together with several other governmental authorities, jointly released the Cybersecurity Review Measures (《網絡安全審查辦法》),

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which took effect on February 15, 2022. On November 14, 2021, the CAC published the Administration Regulations on Cyber Data Security (Draft for Comments) (《網絡數據安全管理條例(徵求意見稿)》) (the “Draft Administration Regulations on Cyber Data Security”). For details, see “Regulations — Regulations Related to Cybersecurity and Data Security.” As of the date of the Listing Document, the Draft Administration Regulations on Cyber Data Security have not been formally adopted. It is uncertain when the final regulations will be issued and take effect, how they will be enacted, interpreted and implemented, and whether or to what extent they will affect us. As of the date of the Listing Document, we have not been involved in any material investigations, inquiries, or sanctions in relation to cybersecurity or data security or any cybersecurity review initiated by CAC or any other relevant PRC government authorities.

Considering that (i) the volume of personal information processed by us is far lower than the volume threshold of one million users, (ii) for operations in the PRC, we do not transfer important data and personal information overseas as we only use servers within the PRC to store data and do not allow foreign users to access data stored within the PRC, (iii) for the overseas business operation, we provide the cloud storage services for our customers in a localized approach outside the PRC, and (iv) we have not been informed, approached or designated as an operator of critical information infrastructure under the applicable PRC laws and regulations by any PRC governmental authorities as of the date of the Listing Document, we believe that no member of our Group is a critical information infrastructure operator, and the Measures for the Security Assessment of Cross-Border Data Transfer do not apply to our Group at the present stage.

Our Directors are of the view that, after consulting our PRC Legal Adviser, if the Draft Administration Regulations on Cyber Data Security were implemented in the current form, we would be able to comply with such regulations in all material respects, and such regulations would not have any material adverse effect on the Company’s business operations or the proposed Listing on the basis that: (i) we have implemented necessary measures to ensure user privacy and data security and to comply with applicable cybersecurity and data privacy laws and regulations as disclosed in “Business — Data Privacy and Security”; (ii) as of the date of the Listing Document, we have not been subject to any material investigation, inquiry, or sanction in relation to cybersecurity or data privacy or any cybersecurity review from the CAC or any other relevant PRC government authority; (iii) during the financial years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022, or the Track Record Period, and up to the date of the Listing Document, we have not been subject to any material fines or other material penalties due to non-compliance with cybersecurity or data privacy laws or regulations; and (iv) we will closely monitor and assess further regulatory developments regarding cybersecurity and data privacy laws, including the development of cybersecurity review, and comply with the latest regulatory requirements.

See also “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry — We face challenges from the evolving regulatory environment regarding cybersecurity, information security, privacy and data protection, and user attitude toward data privacy and protection. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation, and any actual or alleged failure to comply with related laws and regulations regarding cybersecurity, information security, data privacy and protection could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations” and “Regulations — Regulations Related to Cybersecurity and Data Security.”

The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act

In June 2022, we were conclusively identified by the SEC under the HFCAA as having filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that cannot be inspected or investigated completely by the PCAOB in connection with our filing of the annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

The HFCAA states if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection for the PCAOB for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit our shares or ADS from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the U.S.. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB released a statement confirming it has secured complete access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms

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headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, and it issued the 2022 HFCAA Determination Report to vacate its previous determinations to the contrary. Accordingly, our auditor is no longer identified as one of the registered public accounting firms that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely. The PCAOB is continuing to demand complete access, and it will act immediately to reconsider such determinations should China obstruct, or otherwise fail to facilitate the PCAOB’s access, at any time. Therefore, there is no guarantee that our auditor would not be identified again by the PCAOB in the future as a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely. In such event, we would again be subject to the trading prohibition under the HFCAA if we were so identified by the SEC for three consecutive years. Based on the foregoing, we believe that being listed as an SEC-identified issuer by the SEC has no immediate impact to our business operations, our ability to maintain our listing status on the Nasdaq and pursue the proposed Listing, or the Group as a whole.

The delisting of the ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Our ADSs may be delisted and our ADSs and shares prohibited from trading on a national securities exchange or through any other method that is within the jurisdiction of the SEC to regulate, including through over-the-counter trading under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or fully investigate auditors located in China. The delisting of our ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.”

Our Directors are of the view that being identified by the SEC under the HFCAA for the first time in June 2022 currently does not have an immediate impact on our status as a company listed on the Nasdaq, the Listing and, business operations and financial performance. However, the related risks and uncertainties could cause the value of the ADSs to decline. We are closely monitoring the evolving regulatory development to ensure compliance with all applicable laws and regulations in all relevant jurisdictions, including China and the United States.

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RISK FACTORS

The following section presents updates relating to selected information subsequent to our 2021 Form 20-F filed with the SEC on May 2, 2022 as well as additional new risk factors relating to the Proposed Listing, and is incorporated by reference into the registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333- 260181) filed with the SEC on October 12, 2021.

RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY

We have experienced rapid growth and expect our growth to continue, but if we fail to effectively manage our growth, then our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We have experienced substantial growth in our business since inception. Our total revenues increased from RMB3,956.4 million in 2019 to RMB6,577.3 million in 2020, and further to RMB9,060.8 million (US$1,421.8 million) in 2021, and from RMB3,987.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 to RMB4,080.3 million (US$609.2 million) for the six months ended June 30, 2022. This growth has placed and may continue to place significant demands on our managerial, administrative, operational, financial and other resources. Furthermore, we intend to grow by expanding our business, increasing market penetration of our existing solutions and products and developing new ones. To manage this growth, we must develop and improve our existing administrative and operational systems, our financial and management controls, and further expand, train and manage our work force. In addition, the expansion of our systems and infrastructure will require us to commit substantial financial, operational and management resources before our revenues increase and without any assurances that our revenues will increase. Moreover, continued growth could strain our ability to maintain service quality for our customers. If we fail to achieve the necessary level of efficiency as we grow, our growth rate may decline and investors’ perceptions of our business and prospects may be adversely affected and the market price of our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs could decline.

Moreover, our historical growth rates may not be indicative of our future growth or financial results. There is no assurance that we will be able to maintain our historical growth rates in future periods. Since China’s cloud service market is continuously evolving and being shaped by new technologies, our ability to continue our growth is subject to a number of uncertainties, including the overall development of China’s cloud service market and IT infrastructure.

We have a history of net loss and we may not be able to achieve or subsequently maintain profitability.

We incurred net loss of RMB1,111.2 million, RMB962.2 million and RMB1,591.8 million (US$249.8 million) in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively, and RMB602.8 million and RMB1,365.3 million (US$203.8 million) in the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Our net loss has resulted primarily from our cost of revenues and investments made to grow our business, such as in research and development efforts. We expect our costs and expenses to increase in absolute amounts as we continue to grow our business. Moreover, we intend to continue to invest substantially in the foreseeable future in expanding our infrastructure, improving our technologies, and offering additional solutions and products, which is expected to cause our cost of revenues and research and development expenses to increase continuously in absolute amount. If we fail to achieve economies of scale through our efforts or the economies of scale achieved fail to reduce the loss margin, our profitability may be adversely affected. These efforts may be more costly than we expect and our revenues may not increase sufficiently to offset the expenses, which may result in significantly increased operating and net loss with no assurance that we will eventually achieve our intended long-term benefits or profitability. For a detailed discussion of our plan to maintain business sustainability and achieve future profitability, see “Business — Business Sustainability and Path to Profitability.”

To support our business growth, we are continuously optimizing and expanding our infrastructure including data centers, and investing substantially in our research and development efforts, which may negatively impact our cash flow, and may not generate the results we expect to achieve.

Our technological capabilities and infrastructure are critical to our success. We have been continuously optimizing and expanding our infrastructure and investing substantially in our research and development

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efforts. Our research and development expenses increased from RMB595.2 million in 2019 to RMB775.1 million in 2020, and further to RMB1,043.8 million (US$163.8 million) in 2021. We also plan ahead and commit underlying resources including IDC costs based on our understanding in market prospects. Our IDC costs increased from RMB2,856.6 million in 2019, to RMB4,058.8 million in 2020, and further to RMB5,101.5 million (US$800.5 million) in 2021. Our capital expenditures, primarily in connection with purchases of property and equipment and intangible assets, were RMB999.7 million, RMB1,591.6 million, and RMB735.4 million (US$115.4 million) in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively, and RMB435.2 million and RMB1,073.2 million (US$160.2 million) in the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The industry in which we operate is subject to rapid technological changes and is evolving quickly in terms of technological innovation. We need to invest significant resources, including financial and human resources, in research and development to lead technological advances in order to make our solutions and products innovative and competitive in the market. As a result, we expect that our research and development expenses, IDC costs and capital expenditures will continue to increase. Furthermore, as development results are inherently uncertain and the fluctuations of market prices of our products are out of our control, we might encounter practical difficulties in commercializing or gaining profits from our development activities. Our significant expenditures on research and development may not generate corresponding benefits. Given the fast pace with which the technology has been and will continue to advance, we may not be able to timely upgrade our technologies in an efficient and cost-effective manner, or at all. New technologies in our industry could render our technologies, our infrastructure or solutions that we are developing or expect to develop in the future obsolete or unattractive, thereby limiting our ability to recover related development costs, which could result in a decline in our revenues, profitability and market share.

We have recorded negative cash flows from operating activities historically.

We have experienced net cash outflow from operating activities. We recorded net cash used in operating activities of RMB439.1 million, RMB290.4 million, and RMB708.9 million (US$111.2 million) in 2019, 2020 and 2021, and RMB760.8 million and RMB282.4 million (US$42.2 million) in the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The cost of continuing operations could further reduce our cash position, and an increase in our net cash outflow from operating activities could adversely affect our operations by reducing the amount of cash available to meet the capital needs for our daily operations and future business expansion.

If we fail to collect accounts receivable from our customers in a timely manner, our business operations and financial results may be materially and adversely affected.

We typically extend credit terms ranging from 30 to 180 days to our customers, resulting in accounts receivable. We cannot assure you that we are or will be able to accurately assess the creditworthiness of each customer. Furthermore, we also serve customers in certain rapidly evolving and competitive industries, some of which have also been highly regulated, and such customers’ financial soundness is subject to changes to the industry trend or relevant laws and regulations, which is beyond our control. Any change in our customers’ business and financial conditions may affect our collection of accounts receivable. Litigation may be necessary to enforce collection of accounts receivables. Such litigation could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management, result in a diversion of significant resources, and may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Any delay or failure in payment may adversely affect our liquidity and cash flows, which in turn cause material adverse effects on our business operations and financial results. As of December 31, 2019, 2020, 2021 and June 30, 2022, the carrying amounts of our accounts receivable were RMB1,347.5 million, RMB2,334.9 million, RMB3,571.0 million and RMB2,872.9 million, respectively. The corresponding credit loss recognized for 2019, 2020, 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022 were RMB61.7 million, RMB36.9 million, RMB112.0 million and RMB127.4 million, respectively.

We receive a substantial portion of our revenues from a limited number of customers, and the loss of, or a significant reduction in usage by, one or more of our Premium Customers would result in lower revenues and could harm our business.

Our future success is dependent on establishing and maintaining successful relationships with a diverse set of customers. We currently receive a substantial portion of our revenues from a limited number of

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customers. In 2019, 2020 and 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022, our total revenues generated from Premium Customers accounted for 97.4%, 98.1%, 98.2% and 98.4% of our total revenues in the same periods, respectively. Revenues generated from our five largest customers in each of 2019, 2020, 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022 accounted for a total of 65.7%, 61.5%, 50.5% and 50.9% of our total revenues in the respective period. Our largest customer in each of 2019, 2020, 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022 accounted for 30.9%, 28.1%, 21.9% and 19.3% of our total revenue for the respective period. Specifically, revenue generated from Xiaomi, one of our principal shareholders, accounted for 14.4%, 10.0%, 8.5% and 11.4%, of our total revenues in 2019, 2020, 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. It is likely that we will continue to be dependent upon a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future and, in some cases, the portion of our revenues attributable to one single customer may increase in the future. The loss of one or more Premium Customers or a reduction in usage by any Premium Customer would reduce our revenues. If we fail to maintain existing customers or develop relationships with new customers, our business would be harmed.

Sanctions, export controls and other economic or trade restrictions imposed on Chinese companies may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The U.S. government has added many Chinese companies and institutions to the Entity List under the Export Administration Regulations, and imposed targeted economic and trade restrictions on them that, if not waived, will limit their access to U.S.-origin goods and technologies, as well as goods and technologies that contain a significant portion of U.S.-origin goods and technologies. The United States has also in certain circumstances threatened to impose further export control, sanctions, trade embargoes, additional import tariffs and other heightened regulatory requirements on China and China-based companies. These sanctions, additional tariffs and actions have raised concerns that there may be increasing regulatory challenges or enhanced restrictions against China and other China-based technology companies, including us, in a wide range of areas. In addition, a number of other countries and jurisdictions, including China and the European Union, have adopted various export control and economic or trade sanction regimes. Our services to customers on the Entity List mainly include public cloud services, server hosting services, maintenance services, and cloud management platform software, all of which either do not involve provision of any hardware or software, or only involve software domestically developed in China. Transactions with such customers accounted for less than 1% of our total revenues in each of 2019, 2020, 2021 and the first half of 2022. Based on the Company’s assessment of the nature, the transaction amount, the compliance measures of those transactions, we have not ceased our services to such customers. As advised by our legal adviser, the immediate and direct impacts on our business resulting from such actions or restrictions will not be material on the basis that (i) we do not export, re-export, or transfer any products, technology, components or software that are subject to the EAR to any entities listed on the U.S. Commerce Department’s Entity List, (ii) we are not designated on the U.S. Commerce Department’s Entity List, and (iii) the relevant transaction amounts were negligible. Nonetheless, given the important role played by Chinese high-tech companies on the Entity List in the global supply chain or in China for industries including telecommunications, information technology infrastructure, artificial intelligence and IoTs, prolonged restrictions against such companies could cause a material negative impact to all such industries, which may in turn materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Similarly, we cannot predict whether the countries in which we operate or may operate in the future, could become subject to new or additional restrictions or actions imposed by the United States or other governments. Depending on the likelihood, type, effect and duration of any such restrictions or actions which may be implemented in the future, our research and development activities, financial condition and operations may be adversely affected.

In addition, each of the agreements between U.S.- and China-based companies can be terminated by either party, as applicable, under certain circumstances if necessary Chinese governmental approvals are revoked or become limited or impaired or if public law or regulatory action by the Chinese or U.S. government expressly prohibits or materially restricts the collaboration contemplated by the agreement. The risk of such an early termination event may have increased during the current environment of economic trade negotiations and tensions between the Chinese and U.S. governments.

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U.S. sanctions and trade laws and regulations are complex and likely subject to frequent changes. The interpretation and enforcement of the relevant regulations and the imposition of sanctions and other restrictions involve substantial uncertainties, which may be driven by political and/or other factors that are out of our control or heightened by U.S. national security concerns. Such potential restrictions, as well as any associated inquiries or investigations or any other government actions, may be difficult or costly to comply with and may, among other things, delay or impede the development of our technology, products and solutions, hinder the stability of our supply chain, and may result in negative publicity, require significant management time and attention and subject us to fines, penalties, orders or restrictions that we cease or modify our existing business practices, any of which may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For instance, media reports on alleged implementation or violation of export control, sanctions, trade embargoes or other laws and rules which could be perceived as inappropriate or controversial, by us, our customers, business partners, investees or other parties not affiliated with or controlled by us, even on matters not involving us, could nevertheless damage our reputation and lead to regulatory investigations, fines and penalties against us. Such fines and penalties may be significant, and if we were publicly named or investigated by any regulator on the basis of suspected or alleged violations of export control, sanctions, trade embargoes or other laws and rules, even in situations where the potential amount or fine involved may be relatively small, our reputation could be significantly harmed. Any of these circumstances may cause the trading prices of our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs to decline significantly, and materially reduce the value of your investment in our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs.

State-owned enterprise customers may choose to use other cloud services, such as state-backed cloud systems, and decrease their use of our products and solutions.

Some of our customers are state-owned enterprises. To our best knowledge and based on public information, our revenue from Premium Customers that are state-owned enterprises in 2019, 2020, 2021, the six months ended June 30, 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022 was RMB316.8 million, RMB516.5 million, RMB823.3 million, RMB335.8 million and RMB530.4 million, accounting for 8.2%, 8.0%, 9.3%, 8.4% and 13.5% of the total revenue from Premium Customers for the same periods, respectively. To our best knowledge and based on public information, our revenue from state-owned enterprises in 2019, 2020, 2021, the six months ended June 30, 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022 was RMB335.7 million, RMB617.5 million, RMB864.2 million, RMB347.6 million and RMB598.2 million, accounting for 8.5%, 9.4%, 9.5%, 8.7% and 14.7% of the total revenue for the same periods, respectively. State-owned enterprises may migrate their data to state-backed cloud systems instead of ours or choose to other cloud service providers for commercial, compliance or other reasons. Additionally, we may face intense competition and pricing pressure in the open tendering processes that are common in state-owned enterprises’ procurement process, which may sometimes be costly.

We require a significant amount of capital to fund our operations and respond to business opportunities. If we cannot obtain sufficient capital on acceptable terms, or at all, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We make investments from time to time in product development, technologies, branding, sales and marketing to remain competitive. During the Track Record Period, our principal sources of liquidity included bank loans, loans from related parties and the proceeds received from the issuance and sale of our shares. Our ability to obtain additional financing in the future is subject to a number of uncertainties, including those relating to:

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our future business development, financial condition and results of operations;

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general market conditions for financing activities; and

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macro-economic and other conditions in China and elsewhere.

As of October 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of RMB4,767.1 million (US$652.6 million). We cannot assure you that we will be successful in our efforts to

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diversify our sources of capital and raise sufficient capital as we expect. If we cannot obtain sufficient capital, we may not be able to implement our growth strategies, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We may be unable to obtain additional capital in a timely manner or on acceptable terms or at all. In addition, due to future capital needs and other business reasons, we may need to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity or equity-linked securities could dilute our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and finance covenants that would restrict our operations.

We face challenges from the evolving regulatory environment regarding cybersecurity, information security, privacy and data protection, and user attitude toward data privacy and protection. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation, and any actual or alleged failure to comply with related laws and regulations regarding cybersecurity, information security, data privacy and protection could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We operate in the regulatory environment in which the protection of cybersecurity, information security and data privacy is evolving. We are subject to numerous laws and regulations that address cybersecurity, information security, privacy and data protection in various jurisdictions. In particular, on June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China promulgated the Data Security Law (《數據安全法》), which took effect in September 2021. The Data Security Law sets forth data security and privacy related compliance obligations of entities and individuals carrying out data related activities. The Data Security Law also introduces a data classification and layered protection system based on the importance of data and the degree of impact on national security, public interests or legitimate rights and interests of individuals or organizations if such data is tampered with, destroyed, leaked or illegally acquired or used. In addition, the Data Security Law provides a national security review procedure for data activities that may affect national security, and imposes export restrictions on certain data and information.

In early July 2021, regulatory authorities in China launched cybersecurity investigations with regard to several China-based companies listed in the United States. On December 28, 2021, the CAC, together with several other governmental authorities, jointly released the Cybersecurity Review Measures (《網絡安全審查辦法》), which took effect on February 15, 2022. Pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, the purchase of network products and services by an operator of critical information infrastructure or the data processing activities of a network platform operator that affect or may affect national security will be subject to a cybersecurity review. In addition, network platform operators with personal information of over one million users shall be subject to cybersecurity review before listing abroad (國外上市). The competent governmental authorities may also initiate a cybersecurity review against the operators if the authorities believe that the network product or service or data processing activities of such operators affect or may affect national security. The cybersecurity review will evaluate, among others, the risk of critical information infrastructure, core data, important data, or the risk of a large amount of personal information being influenced, controlled or maliciously used by foreign governments after going public, and cyber information security risk. Given the Cybersecurity Review Measures came into effect recently, their interpretation, application and enforcement are subject to substantial uncertainties. On November 14, 2021, the CAC published the Administration Regulations on Cyber Data Security (Draft for Comments) (《網絡數據安全管理條例(徵求意見稿)》), which provide the circumstances under which data processors shall apply for cybersecurity review, including, among others, when (i) the data processors who process personal information of at least one million users apply for a “foreign listing”; and (ii) the data processors’ listing in Hong Kong affects or may possibly affect national security. However, as of the Latest Practicable Date, it provided no further explanation or interpretation as to how to determine what constitutes “affecting national security”. Data processors processing personal information of more than one million individuals shall also comply with the provisions for processing of important data stipulated in Draft Administration Regulations on Cyber Data Security for important data processors. Data processors dealing with important data or listing overseas should carry out an annual data security assessment by themselves or by entrusting data security service agencies, and each year before January 31, data security assessment report for the previous year shall be submitted to the districted

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city level cyberspace administration department. When data collected and generated within the PRC are provided by the data processors overseas, if such data includes important data, or if the relevant data processor is a critical information infrastructure operator or processes personal information of more than one million individuals, the data processor shall go through the security assessment of cross-border data transfer organized by the national cyberspace administration. As of the Latest Practicable Date, the Draft Administration Regulations on Cyber Data Security had not been formally adopted. It is uncertain whether and when the final regulation will be issued and take effect, how it will be enacted, interpreted and implemented, and whether or to what extent it will affect us.

On July 30, 2021, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Security Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure (《關鍵信息基礎設施安全保護條例》), effective on September 1, 2021, which provide that a “critical information infrastructure” refers to an important network facility and information system in important industries such as public communications and information services, as well as other important network facilities and information systems that may seriously endanger national security, the national economy, the people’s livelihood, or the public interests in the event of damage, loss of function, or data leakage. The competent governmental authorities and regulatory authorities of the aforementioned important industries will be responsible for organizing the identification of critical information infrastructures in their respective industries. The competent governmental authorities shall also notify operators who are identified as “operators of critical information infrastructure” in accordance with these provisions. According to the Regulations on Security Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure, the competent PRC government authorities of important industries and sectors are responsible for identifying critical information infrastructures in their own industries and sectors based on the identification rules and informing the operator of the critical information infrastructure if such infrastructure is identified and designated as critical information infrastructure in a timely manner. The PRC government authorities have discretion in the identification of critical information infrastructures as well as the interpretation and enforcement of these regulations.

On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (《中華人民共和國個人信息保護法》), effective from November 1, 2021. The Personal Information Protection Law requires, among others, that (i) the processing of personal information should have a clear and reasonable purpose which should be directly related to the processing purpose, in a method that has the least impact on personal rights and interests, and (ii) the collection of personal information should be limited to the minimum scope necessary to achieve the processing purpose to avoid the excessive collection of personal information. Different types of personal information and personal information processing will be subject to various rules on consent, transfer, and security. Entities handling personal information shall bear responsibilities for their personal information handling activities, and adopt necessary measures to safeguard the security of the personal information they handle. Otherwise, the entities handling personal information could be ordered to correct, or suspend or terminate the provision of services, and face confiscation of illegal income, fines or other penalties.

In the meantime, the PRC regulatory authorities have also enhanced the supervision and regulation on cross-border data transfer. On July 7, 2022, the CAC promulgated the Measures for the Security Assessment of Cross-Border Data Transfer (《數據出境安全評估辦法》), which took effect on September 1, 2022. These measures require the data processor providing data overseas and falling under any of the following circumstances apply for the security assessment of cross-border data transfer by the national cybersecurity authority through its local counterpart: (i) where the data processor intends to provide important data overseas; (ii) where the critical information infrastructure operator and any data processor who has processed personal information of more than 1,000,000 individuals intend to provide personal information overseas; (iii) where any data processor who has provided personal information of 100,000 individuals or sensitive personal information of 10,000 individuals to overseas recipients accumulatively since January 1 of the last year intends to provide personal information overseas; and (iv) other circumstances where the security assessment of data cross-border transfer is required as prescribed by the CAC. Furthermore, the data processor shall conduct a self-assessment on the risk of data cross-border transfer prior to applying for the foregoing security assessment, under which the data processor shall focus on certain factors including, among others,

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the legitimacy, fairness and necessity of the purpose, scope and method of data cross-border transfer and the data processing of overseas recipients, the risks that the cross-border data transfer may bring to national security, public interests and the legitimate rights and interests of individuals or organizations as well as whether the cross-border data transfer related contracts or the other legally binding documents to be entered with overseas recipients have fully included the data security protection responsibilities and obligations. Given that the above measures were recently promulgated, their interpretation, application and enforcement and how they will affect our business operation are subject to substantial uncertainties, See “Regulations — Regulations Related to Cybersecurity and Data Security” and “Regulations — Regulations Relating to Privacy Protection.”

As of the Latest Practicable Date, (i) we have not been informed by any PRC governmental authority of any requirement to file for approval for this Introduction; (ii) we have not been subject to any material fines or administrative penalties, mandatory rectifications, or other sanctions by any competent regulatory authorities in relation to the infringement of cybersecurity and data protection laws and regulations; (iii) there is no leakage of data or personal information or violation of cybersecurity and data protection and privacy laws and regulations by us which will have a material adverse impact on our business operations; (iv) there have been no material cybersecurity and data protection incidents or infringement upon the rights of any third parties, or other legal proceedings, administrative or governmental proceedings, pending or, to the best of the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or relating to the Company; and (v) we have implemented comprehensive cybersecurity and data protection policies, procedures and measures to safeguard personal information rights and ensure secured storage and transmission of data and prevent unauthorized access or use of data.

Furthermore, based on the facts that (i) the Cybersecurity Review Measures came into effect recently and the Draft Administration Regulations on Cyber Data Security have not been formally adopted, and the implementation and interpretation of both are subject to uncertainties, and (ii) we have not been involved in any investigations on cybersecurity review initiated by the CAC on such basis and nor have we received any inquiry, notice, warning, or sanctions in such respect, after consulting with our PRC Legal Adviser, our Directors are of the view that such regulations do not have a material adverse impact on our business operations and financial performance as of the Latest Practicable Date, and will not affect our compliance with laws and regulations in any material aspects as of the Latest Practicable Date. As of the Latest Practicable Date, we had not received any cybersecurity, data security and personal data protection related inquiries from any competent PRC regulatory authorities. As there might be newly issued explanations or implementation rules on the existing regulations, laws and opinions or the draft measures or regulations mentioned above might become effective, we will actively monitor future regulatory and policy changes to ensure strict compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

Given that the above mentioned newly promulgated laws, regulations and policies were recently promulgated or issued, or have not yet been formally promulgated or taken effect (as applicable), their enactment, interpretation, application and enforcement are subject to substantial uncertainties. We have incurred, and will continue to incur, significant expenses in an effort to comply with cybersecurity, privacy, data protection and information security related laws, regulations, standards and protocols, especially as a result of such newly promulgated laws and regulations. Despite our efforts to comply with applicable laws, regulations and policies relating to cybersecurity, privacy, data protection and information security, we cannot assure you that our practices, offerings, services or platform will meet all of the requirements imposed on us by such laws, regulations or policies. Any failure or perceived failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations or policies may result in inquiries or other proceedings being instituted against, or other lawsuits, decisions or sanctions being imposed on us by governmental authorities, users, consumers or other parties, including but not limited to warnings, fines, directions for rectifications, suspension of the related business and termination of our applications, as well as in negative publicity on us and damage to our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. The above mentioned newly promulgated laws, regulations, policies or relevant drafts may result in the publication of new laws, regulations and policies to which we may be subject, though the timing, scope and applicability of such laws or regulations are currently unclear. Any such laws, regulations or policies could negatively impact

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our business, results of operations and financial condition. We may be notified for cybersecurity review by the CAC if we were regarded as a critical information infrastructure operator by the CAC, or if our data processing activities and overseas listing were regarded as having impact or potential impact to national security, and be required to make significant changes to our business practices, suspend certain business, or even be prohibited from providing certain service offerings in jurisdictions in which we currently operate or in which we may operate in the future. Such review could also result in negative publicity with respect to us and diversion of our managerial and financial resource. There can be no assurance that we would be able to complete the applicable cybersecurity review procedures in a timely manner, or at all, if we are required to follow such procedures.

Moreover, we may become subject to regulatory requirements as a result of utilization of our products and services by residents of, or travelers who visit, certain jurisdictions, such as the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union, or the GDPR. Complying with additional or new regulatory requirements could force us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices. Moreover, if a high profile security breach occurs with respect to our competitors, people may lose trust in the security of cloud service providers generally, including us, which could damage the reputation of the industry, result in heightened regulation and strengthened regulatory enforcement and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We expect that we will continue to face uncertainty as to whether our efforts to comply with evolving obligations under global data protection, privacy and security laws will be sufficient. From time to time, we may be subject to inspections conducted by governmental authorities. In the event that any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with applicable laws and regulations is identified during such inspections, we may be required to implement rectification measures in accordance with the inspection results. In addition, any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with applicable laws and regulations could result in reputational damage or proceedings or actions against us by governmental authorities, individuals or others. These proceedings or actions could subject us to significant civil or criminal penalties and negative publicity, require us to change our business practices, increase our costs and materially harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our current and future relationships with customers, vendors and other third parties could be negatively affected by any proceedings or actions against us or current or future data protection obligations imposed on them under applicable law. Furthermore, a data breach affecting personal information could result in significant legal and financial exposure and reputational damage that could potentially have an adverse effect on our business.

Similar risks exist with respect to our business partners and our customers in relation to the process of personal data. Any failure of our partners or customers to comply with applicable laws and regulations could result in their reputational damage or governmental investigations, inquiries, enforcement actions and prosecutions, private litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity, which may harm our business partnership and have a negative impact on our business.

Our reliance on third-party suppliers for certain essential services could adversely affect our ability to manage our business effectively and harm our business.

We rely on third-party suppliers for certain essential products and services to operate our network and provide solutions and products to our customers. For example, we generally rely on third-party suppliers for the servers that we use and we ordinarily purchase equipment on a purchase-order basis. In addition to basic telecommunication operators, we also purchased IP addresses and bandwidth from third party providers, in order to save efforts in relation to on-site installation since related installation and relocation services were also included in the third party providers’ offering package. Moreover, third party providers sometimes offered more favorable credit terms and sufficient rack space as compared to basic telecommunication operators. We may experience shortages in components or delays in delivery, including as a result of natural disasters, increased demand in the industry or our suppliers lacking sufficient rights to supply the servers or IDCs in all jurisdictions in which we operate.

Our reliance on these suppliers exposes us to risks, including reduced control over production costs and constraints based on the then current availability, terms, and pricing of these products and services. We

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generally do not have any long-term contracts guaranteeing supply with these suppliers. If our supply of certain products and services is disrupted or delayed, there can be no assurance that additional supplies or services can serve as adequate replacements or that supplies will be available on terms that are favorable to us, if at all. Moreover, even if we can identify adequate replacements on substantially similar terms, our business could be adversely affected until those efforts were completed. Any disruption or delay in the supply of our hardware components may delay the opening of new network facilities, limit capacity expansion or replacement of defective or obsolete equipment at existing network facilities, or cause other constraints on our operations that could damage our customer relationships.

On January 17, 2017, the MIIT promulgated the Notice on Cleaning Up and Regulating the Internet Access Service Market, which prohibits the “multi-level sublease” and requires that enterprises providing internet data center services and internet access services shall not sublease the IP address or bandwidth they have obtained from basic telecommunication operators to other enterprises for operating businesses such as internet data center services and internet access services, and shall also conduct comprehensive self-inspection, rectify violations of the relevant regulations in a timely manner to ensure their business operations are in compliance with the applicable laws and regulations and the network facilities and network access resources are used in a compliant manner. The regulatory authorities shall urge enterprises in violation of the abovementioned requirements to make rectifications in a timely manner and take stern actions in accordance with the laws against enterprises that refuse to make such rectifications, and under serious circumstances, such enterprises may fail to pass the annual inspection, or the licenses or permits of such enterprises may not be renewed upon expiration and their cooperation with the basic telecommunications operators may be adversely affected. Due to the evolving regulatory environment and the fact that there is no further interpretations or applications from the competent authorities on this notice, and after consulting our PRC Legal Adviser, we cannot be certain whether our third-party internet data center suppliers’ supplying of IP address and bandwidth to us for the relevant services under our historical or current cooperation with them will be determined as non-compliant activities, if it would be determined so, we may no longer be able to collaborate with such third-party internet data center suppliers, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Since April 2022, we have entered into business agreements with the basic telecommunication operators to purchase the IP address and bandwidth for all of our servers from the basic telecommunication operator directly, and accordingly to replace the network access resources purchased from third-party internet data center suppliers. We have not experienced an increase in unit procurement costs since April 2022. The Company expects to completely cease to use the IP address and bandwidth purchased from third-party internet data center suppliers that are explicitly subject to the aforementioned restrictions on multi-level sublease under the Notice on Cleaning Up and Regulating the Internet Access Service Market, upon the expiration of the term of the existing agreement with the non-basic basic telecommunication operator by March 31, 2023. Based on a verbal consultation by the Company’s PRC Legal Advisor and the PRC legal advisor of the Joint Sponsors with the MIIT in November 2022, the MIIT officer confirmed that (i) based on the understanding of the officer, normally the relevant penalties or other regulatory measures in the case of the internet data center suppliers’ supplying of IP address and bandwidth to other enterprises in violation of the Notice on Cleaning Up and Regulating the Internet Access Service Market would be imposed against such internet data center suppliers, rather than the purchaser or leasee of such network access resources, and (ii) in the current regulatory practices, the relevant regulators would encourage parties involved to gradually adjust the aforementioned purchase of IP address and bandwidth from third-party internet data center suppliers, and normally they would not choose to take severe regulatory measures to suspend or terminate such business cooperation. Considering that (i) as of the Latest Practicable Date, we have not received any notice from any regulatory authority or from any third-party suppliers that would require such third-party suppliers or us to suspend or rectify our current business cooperation with such third-party suppliers and (ii) the above-mentioned consultation with the MIIT, after consulting our PRC Legal Adviser, our Directors are of the view that our cooperation with such third-party suppliers does not have a material adverse impact on our business operations and financial performance as of the Latest Practicable Date.

Considering that (i) as of the Latest Practicable Date, the Company has not received any notice from any regulatory authority or from any third-party suppliers that would require such third-party suppliers or the Company to suspend or rectify the current business cooperation, and (ii) the above-mentioned consultation

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with the MIIT, and provided that the Company takes all the necessary measures and cease its business cooperation with third-party internet data center suppliers in this regard as mentioned above, as of the Latest Practicable Date, the PRC Legal Advisor concurs with the Directors’ view that the Group’s cooperation with such third-party suppliers is unlikely to have a material adverse impact on its business operations and financial performance going forward.

Furthermore, defects or errors may be found in the products and services provided by third-party suppliers, which cause damage to our own system and hardware and also to the services and products we provide to our customers, which may subsequently adversely affect our customers’ operations, thereby harming our reputation and business relationship with them. There is no assurance that all such issues would be detected and resolved on time or at all. We may also be subject to legal proceedings initiated by our customers in relation to such issues. In such event, there may be material adverse effects on our reputation and financial performance as we may need to incur additional cost to settle or defend these claims or legal actions.

Goodwill represented a significant portion of our total assets. If our goodwill is to be impaired, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

As of June 30, 2022, we had goodwill of RMB4,605.7 million (US$687.6 million) which primarily arose from our acquisition of controlling interest in Camelot completed in September 2021. For more information, see “History, Development and Corporate Structure — Acquisition of Camelot and Camelot Technology,” and “Financial Information — Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates — Goodwill.” Goodwill represented a significant portion of the total assets on our consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2022. The value of goodwill is based on a number of assumptions made by the management. If any of these assumptions does not materialize, or if the performance of our business is not consistent with such assumptions, we may be required to have a significant write-off of our goodwill and record a significant impairment loss. Furthermore, our determination on whether goodwill is impaired requires an estimation of the fair value of the reporting units to which the goodwill is allocated, which depends on the expected future cash flows from the reporting units. If we determine the expected future cash flow to decrease, our goodwill may be impaired. Any significant impairment of goodwill could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to risks relating to our equity investments. In particular, the fluctuation of fair value changes of our equity investment may affect our financial performance, our business and results of operations.

During the Track Record Period, we made certain equity investments. As of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 and June 30, 2022, our equity investments amounted to RMB114.9 million, RMB126.6 million, RMB207.2 million (US$32.5 million) and RMB271.1 million (US$40.5 million), respectively. The carrying value of our equity investments may be affected by a number of factors, such as change in fair value, impairment, dilution, issuance of equity securities, and currency translation differences. In particular, we are exposed to risks relating to fair value changes of our equity investment. For certain equity investments without readily determinable fair value, the methodologies that we use to assess the fair value of the equity investments involve a significant degree of management judgment and are inherently uncertain. There can be no assurance that we will recognize fair value gains from equity investments in the future. If we incur fair value losses, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects may be adversely affected.

We are also subject to the risk that the companies in which we invest may make business, financial or management decisions with which we disagree, and over which we do not have control, or that the majority shareholders, or the management, of these investee companies may take risks or otherwise act in a manner that does not serve our interests.

In addition, certain of our equity investments without readily determinable fair value are subject to liquidity risk. Such equity investments are not as liquid as other investment products as there is no cash inflow until dividends are received or they are disposed of by us, even if our investee companies reported profits. Furthermore, our ability to promptly sell our interests in these investee companies in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions is limited. The market is affected by various factors, such as

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general economic conditions, availability of financing, interest rates and supply and demand, many of which are beyond our control. Any of those above may adversely affect our financial performance, business and results of operations.

We may in the future be subject to legal proceedings and litigation, including intellectual property or contractual disputes, which are costly and may subject us to significant liability and increased costs of doing business. Our business may be adversely affected if it is alleged or determined that our technology infringes the intellectual property rights of others.

The cloud service industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, and other intellectual property rights. Companies in the cloud service industry are often required to defend against litigation claims based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. Our technologies may not be able to withstand any third-party claims or rights against their use. In addition, many of these companies have the capability to dedicate substantially greater resources to enforce their intellectual property rights and to defend claims that may be brought against them. Any litigation may also involve patent holding companies or other adverse patent owners that have no relevant product revenues and against which our patents may therefore provide little or no deterrence. If a third party is able to obtain an injunction preventing us from accessing such third-party intellectual property rights, or if we cannot obtain license or develop technology for any infringing aspect of our business, we would be forced to limit or stop selling products impacted by the claim or injunction or cease business activities covered by such intellectual property, and may be unable to compete effectively. Any inability to obtain license of third-party technology in the future would have an adverse effect on our business or operating results, and would adversely affect our ability to compete. We may also be contractually obligated to indemnify our customers in the event of infringement of a third party’s intellectual property rights. We may receive demands for such indemnification from time to time. Furthermore, some customers may choose to settle their payments with us through parties not directly contracted with us. Despite our internal control measures, we could be subject to possible claims from third-party payors for return of funds as they were not contractually indebted to us and possible claims from liquidators of third-party payors. In addition, certain of our agreements with our customers and/or third-party service providers may include uncertainties on pricing, fees and others, which may expose us to potential claims as well. Responding to such claims, including those currently pending, regardless of their merit, can be time-consuming, costly to defend in litigation, and damage our reputation and brand.

Lawsuits are time-consuming and expensive to resolve and they divert management’s time and attention. We may not have insurance to cover potential claims of this type or to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed. We cannot predict the outcome of lawsuits, and the results of any such actions may harm our business.

We could incur substantial costs in protecting or defending our intellectual property rights, and any failure to protect our intellectual property could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our brand and the proprietary methods and technologies that we develop under patent and other intellectual property laws in China and foreign jurisdictions so that we can prevent others from using our inventions and proprietary information. As of June 30, 2022, we have registered 536 patents, 661 trademarks, 663 copyrights, and 134 domain names in China and overseas. There can be no assurance that any patents that have been issued or that may be issued in the future will provide significant protection for our intellectual property. If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights adequately, our competitors might gain access to our technology and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

We have obtained licenses from Kingsoft Group to use some of its registered trademarks during their terms of registration, including “金山雲” and “Kingsoft Cloud,” and some of its trademarks, which are still in the process of registration applications or renewal, during the period of such applications and the term of the registrations if such trademarks have been registered afterwards. We have also obtained licenses from Kingsoft

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Group to use some of its registered patents during their terms of registration. However, we cannot assure you that Kingsoft Group will continue to authorize us to use the trademarks and patents, and if they do not, our business may be materially and adversely impacted. For example, if we are not authorized by Kingsoft Group to use such trademarks, we may not be able to use the relevant brand names and domain names, which may materially harm our market awareness and brand recognition.

There can be no assurance that the particular forms of intellectual property protection that we seek, including business decisions about when to file trademark applications and patent applications, will be adequate to protect our business. We may have to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, determine the validity and scope of our proprietary rights or those of others, or defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management, result in a diversion of significant resources, the narrowing or invalidation of portions of our intellectual property and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights or alleging that we infringe the counterclaimant’s own intellectual property. Any of our patents, copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property rights could be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative process or litigation.

We also rely, in part, on confidentiality agreements and non-compete agreements with our business partners, employees, consultants, advisors, customers and others in our efforts to protect our proprietary technology, processes and methods. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of our confidential information, and it may be possible for unauthorized parties to copy our software or other proprietary technology or information, or to develop similar software independently with us lacking an adequate remedy for unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and proprietary information, and in these cases we would not be able to assert any trade secret rights against those parties. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position. In addition, to the extent we expand our international activities, our exposure to unauthorized copying, transfer and use of our proprietary technology or information may increase.

We cannot be certain that our means of protecting our intellectual property and proprietary rights will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop similar technology. If we fail to meaningfully protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Significant impairment of our property and equipment could materially impact our financial position and results of our operations.

We have recorded a significant amount of property and equipment. As of December 31, 2019, 2020, 2021 and June 30, 2022, our property and equipment, net was RMB1,721.0 million, RMB1,956.8 million, RMB2,364.1 million (US$371.0 million) and RMB2,449.7 million (US$365.7 million), respectively. We evaluate our property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets, indicate that the carrying amount of the property and equipment in an asset group may not be fully recoverable. When these events occur, we evaluate the recoverability of property and equipment by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets, we recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the assets over their fair value. The application of this long-lived asset impairment test requires significant management judgment. If our estimates and judgments are inaccurate, the fair value determined could be inaccurate and the impairment may not be adequate, and we may need to record additional impairments in the future. We did not record any impairment of our property and equipment in 2019, 2020, 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022.

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However, we may record significant impairments on property and equipment in the future. Any significant impairment losses charged against our property and equipment could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Significant impairment of our intangible assets could materially impact our financial position and results of our operations.

We have recorded a significant amount of intangible assets, which consist primarily of customer relationships, trademarks and domain names, software and copyrights and patents and technologies. As of December 31, 2019, 2020, 2021 and June 30, 2022, our intangible assets, net was RMB7.4 million, RMB16.6 million, RMB1,169.8 million (US$183.6 million) and RMB1,086.5 million (US$162.2 million), respectively. We evaluate our intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets, indicate that the carrying amount of the intangible assets in an asset group may not be fully recoverable. When these events occur, we evaluate the recoverability of intangible assets by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets, we recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the assets over their fair value. The application of this long-lived asset impairment test requires significant management judgment. If our estimates and judgments are inaccurate, the fair value determined could be inaccurate and the impairment may not be adequate, and we may need to record additional impairments in the future. We did not record any impairment of our intangible assets in 2019, 2020 and 2021, and the six months ended June 30, 2022. However, we may record significant impairments on intangible assets in the future. Any significant impairment losses charged against our intangible assets could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We may be subject to impairment losses on prepayments and other assets.

As of December 31, 2019, 2020, 2021 and June 30, 2022, we recorded prepayments and other assets of RMB458.4 million, RMB898.9 million, RMB1,716.1 million (US$269.3 million) and RMB1,716.5 million (US$256.3 million), respectively. Our prepayments and other assets primarily consist of VAT prepayments, individual income tax receivable and payments to suppliers. We may be subject to impairment losses on prepayments and other assets if the actual recoverability of prepayments and other assets is lower than the expected level, which could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to meet our working capital requirements, thereby adversely affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We face exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, and such fluctuations could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including Hong Kong dollars and the U.S. dollars, is based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China. The value of the Renminbi against Hong Kong dollars, the U.S. dollar and other currencies has in the past fluctuated significantly, and may in the future continue to do so, affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions and the foreign exchange policy adopted by the PRC government. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progress towards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate system, and we cannot assure you that the Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against Hong Kong dollars and the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the Renminbi, Hong Kong dollars and the U.S. dollar in the future. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in Renminbi.

We are a holding company and we rely on dividends paid by our operating subsidiaries in China for our cash needs. Any significant revaluation of Renminbi may materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial position reported in Renminbi when translated into U.S. dollars and Hong Kong dollars, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, the ADSs in U.S. dollars and the Ordinary Shares in

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Hong Kong dollars. To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars or Hong Kong dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our Ordinary Shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar or Hong Kong dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar or Hong Kong dollar amount.

We are subject to risks associated with our short-term investments. Fair value changes of short-term investments may affect our financial performance.

During the Track Record Period, our short-term investments consisted of cash deposits at fixed rates with original maturities of three to 12 months, which are generally not subject to any material principal investment risks. As of December 31, 2019, 2020, 2021 and June 30, 2022, we had short-term investments of RMB225.4 million, RMB2,693.0 million, RMB2,491.1 million and RMB2,619.7 million (US$391.1 million), respectively. We cannot assure you that market conditions will create fair value gains on our short-term investment or we will not incur any fair value losses on our short-term investment in the future. In particular, if we invest in financial products with higher risks in the future, the assessment of fair value of our short-term investment could involve a significant degree of management judgment, and we could be exposed to credit risks in relation to our short-term investments, which may adversely affect the net changes in their fair value. If we incur such fair value losses, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects may be adversely affected.

We have granted, and may continue to grant, share-based awards, which will increase our share-based compensation and may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

We have adopted various equity incentive plans, including a share option scheme adopted in February 2013 (as amended in June 2013, May 2015 and December 2016), or the 2013 Share Option Scheme, a share award scheme adopted in February 2013 (as amended in January 2015, March 2016, June 2016, December 2018 and November 2019), or the 2013 Share Award Scheme, and a share incentive plan adopted in November 2021 (as amended on December 20, 2022 with such amendments to take effect immediately upon Listing), or the 2021 Share Incentive Plan. For details, see “Appendix IV — Statutory and General Information — D. Equity Incentive Plans.” In addition, we granted share-based awards in connection with our acquisitions. In 2019, 2020 and 2021, and the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, we incurred share-based compensation of RMB121.3 million, RMB330.1 million and RMB434.4 million (US$68.2 million) and RMB199.2 million and RMB206.7 million (US$30.9 million), respectively. We believe the granting of share-based awards is of significant importance to our ability to attract and retain key personnel and employees, and we will continue to grant share-based awards in the future. As a result, our expenses associated with share-based compensation will increase, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Failure to pay the social insurance premium and housing provident funds for and on behalf of our employees in accordance with the Labor Contract Law or comply with other related regulations of the PRC may have an adverse impact on our financial conditions and results of operation.

PRC laws and regulations require us to pay several statutory social welfare benefits for our employees, including pension insurance, unemployment insurance, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, maternity insurance and housing provident fund. The amounts of our contributions for our employees under such benefit plans are calculated based on certain percentage of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where we operate. During the Track Record Period and up to the Latest Practicable Date, we had not made full contributions to the social insurance plan and housing provident fund based on the actual salary level of some of our employees as prescribed by relevant laws and regulations. As of the Latest Practicable Date, we had not received any notice from the local authorities or any claim or request from the relevant employees that require us to make payments or impose upon us administrative penalties for insufficient contributions. We have made provisions

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of nil, nil, RMB15.0 million and RMB25.1 million in our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the shortfall in our social insurance and housing provident fund contributions for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

Pursuant to relevant PRC laws and regulations, the under-contribution of social insurance within a prescribed period may subject us to a daily overdue charge of 0.05% of the delayed payment amount. If such payment is not made within the stipulated period, the competent authority may further impose a fine of one to three times of the overdue amount. Pursuant to relevant PRC laws and regulations, if there is a failure to pay the full amount of housing provident fund as required, the housing provident fund management center may require payment of the outstanding amount within a prescribed period. If the payment is not made within such time limit, an application may be made to the PRC courts for compulsory enforcement. We cannot assure you that the relevant government authorities will not require us to pay the outstanding amount within a prescribed time and impose late charges or fines on us, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We face certain risks relating to the real properties that we lease, which may adversely affect our business.

We lease real properties for our office and other uses in China. Some of the ownership certificates or other similar proofs of certain leased properties have not been provided to us by the relevant lessors. Therefore, we cannot assure you that such lessors are entitled to lease the relevant real properties to us. If the lessors are not entitled to lease the real properties to us and the owners of such real properties decline to ratify the lease agreements between us and the respective lessors, we may not be able to enforce our rights to lease such properties under the respective lease agreements against the owners. As of the Latest Practicable Date, we are not aware of any claim or challenge brought by any third parties concerning the use of our leased properties without obtaining proper ownership proof. If our lease agreements are claimed as null and void by third parties who are the real owners of such leased real properties, we could be required to vacate the properties, in which event we could only initiate the claim against the lessors under relevant lease agreements for indemnities for their breach of the relevant leasing agreements. We cannot assure you that suitable alternative locations are readily available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and if we are unable to relocate our operations in a timely manner, our operations may be interrupted.

Certain of our leased properties’ current usages are not in conformity with the permitted usages prescribed in the relevant title certificates. Nonconformity with the property’s planned use may lead to fines imposed by the competent authority, and in extreme case, government order to revoke the lease or reclaim the land. In addition, certain of our leased properties are subject to mortgages. If the mortgagees foreclose our leased properties with prior-registered mortgages, we may be unable to continue the use of such properties.

The lease agreements for some of our leased properties have not been registered with the PRC governmental authorities as required by the PRC laws. Although the failure to do so does not in itself invalidate the leases, we may be ordered by the PRC government authorities to rectify such noncompliance and, if such noncompliance were not rectified within a given period of time, we may be subject to fines imposed by PRC government authorities ranging from RMB1,000 and RMB10,000 for each of our lease agreements that has not been registered with the relevant PRC governmental authorities.

As of the Latest Practicable Date, for the lease agreements which have not been registered with the government authorities, we are not aware of any regulatory or governmental actions, claims or investigations being contemplated or any challenges by third parties to our use of the relevant leased properties. However, we cannot assure you that the government authorities will not impose fines on us due to our failure to register any of our lease agreements, which may negatively impact our financial condition.

We may be required to change our registered address or relocate our operating offices under PRC law.

Under PRC law, the registered address of a company shall be its main premises for business operations. If a company intends to set up other premises for business operation outside its registered address, the company

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shall register those premises for business operation as branch offices with the relevant local market regulation authorities at the place where the premises are located and obtain business licenses for them as branch offices.

Currently, some of our subsidiaries have set up premises for business operations outside their registered addresses as the operating addresses, and use these premises as the main premises for business operations, primarily due to our business development needs. We plan to change the registered address of our subsidiaries to its operating addresses or register such premises as branch offices if requested by any governmental authorities. However, we may not be able to do so in a timely manner or at all due to complex procedural requirements and relocation of branch offices from time to time. In the future, we may expand our business to additional locations in China and we may fail to update the registered address for our subsidiaries or register those premises as branch offices in a timely manner. As advised by our PRC Legal Adviser, if the PRC regulatory authorities determine that we are in violation of the relevant laws and regulations, we may be ordered to rectify, subject to fines if we refuse to rectify, and our business licenses may be revoked under serious circumstances. As of the Latest Practicable Date, we have not received any regulatory or governmental penalties in relation to the registered address of our subsidiaries. Based on the foregoing and the internal control measures mentioned below, after consulting our PRC Legal Adviser, we believe our business operations outside the registered addresses do not have a material adverse impact on our business operations and financial performance as of the Latest Practicable Date.

We have taken the following internal control measures to prevent future occurrence of such non-compliance: (i) we will enhance our property management to closely review and monitor the main premises for business operations against our subsidiaries’ registered address; (ii) we will enhance our company-wide legal training to ensure our future compliance with the relevant regulatory requirements; and (iii) we will consult our PRC legal counsel on a regular basis for advice on relevant PRC laws and regulations to keep us abreast of relevant regulatory developments.

RISKS RELATING TO OUR RELATIONSHIPS WITH KINGSOFT GROUP AND XIAOMI GROUP

If we are no longer able to benefit from our business cooperation with Kingsoft Group or Xiaomi Group and its ecosystem, our business may be adversely affected.

Kingsoft Corporation is a leading software company in China. Mr. Lei Jun, our chairman of the Board, exercises significant influence over Kingsoft Group as he currently serves the chairman of the board and a non-executive director of Kingsoft Corporation and is deemed to be interested in 22.76% of total issued shares in Kingsoft Corporation as of the Latest Practicable Date. Xiaomi, another major shareholder of our Company and controlled by Mr. Lei Jun, is a consumer electronics and smart manufacturing company with smartphones and smart hardware connected by an IoT platform at its core. Our business has benefited from Kingsoft Group’s and Xiaomi Group’s brand names, strong market positions and ecosystems. We cooperate with Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group in various areas, such as cross-referrals and devices for IoT — smart living solutions. We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to benefit from our relationships with Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group in the future. To the extent that we cannot maintain our relationships with Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group on terms favorable to us, or at all, we will need to find replacement for services and device providers, which may not be done in a timely manner and/or on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and we may lose access to key strategic assets, which could result in material and adverse effects on our business and results of operations.

Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group are our existing customers, from which we received a portion of revenues. Failure to maintain the relationships with them would result in lower revenues and could adversely impact our business, operation results and financial conditions.

We have derived, and believe that we will continue to derive, a portion of our revenues from Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group. Revenues from Kingsoft Group in the aggregate accounted for 2.8%, 1.8%, 1.7% and 2.4% of our total revenues in 2019, 2020 and 2021, and the six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Revenues from Xiaomi Group in the aggregate accounted for 14.4%, 10.0%, 8.5% and 11.4% of our total

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revenues in 2019, 2020 and 2021, and the six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain the customer relationships with Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group in the future. Any failure to maintain close relationships with them will result in declines in our revenues, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Certain existing shareholders have substantial influence over our Company and their interests may not be aligned with the interests of our other shareholders.

Two of our principal shareholders, Kingsoft Corporation and Xiaomi, have substantial influence over our Company. As of December 15, 2022, or the Latest Practicable Date, Kingsoft Corporation beneficially owned 37.40% of our issued and outstanding shares and Xiaomi beneficially owned 11.82% of our issued and outstanding shares. Mr. Lei Jun, one of our Directors, also serves as the chairman and a non-executive director at Kingsoft Corporation, and serves as the chairman, the chief executive officer and an executive director at Xiaomi. Mr. Zou Tao, our Executive Director, also serves as an executive director and the chief executive officer at Kingsoft Corporation. Dr. Ye Hangjun, one of our directors, also serves as a general manager of business segment of Xiaomi. As of the Latest Practicable Date, none of our other Directors or executive officers holds any position at Kingsoft Group or Xiaomi Group.

They may take actions that are not in the best interest of us or our other shareholders and conflicts of interest between them and us may arise as a result of their operation of or investment in businesses that compete with us. Such concentration of ownership and corporate governance mechanism may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our Company, which could deprive our shareholders of a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our Company and may reduce the price of our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs. These actions may be taken even if they are opposed by our other shareholders. In addition, such significant concentration of share ownership and corporate governance mechanism may adversely affect the trading price of our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs due to investors’ perception that conflicts of interest may exist or arise.

We may have conflicts of interest with Kingsoft Group or Xiaomi Group and we may not be able to resolve such conflicts on terms favorable to us.

Conflicts of interest may arise between Kingsoft Group or Xiaomi Group and us in a number of areas relating to our ongoing relationships. Potential conflicts of interest that we have identified mainly include the following:

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Collaboration with Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group. We have a number of cooperation arrangements with Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group, respectively. These collaboration arrangements may be less favorable to us than similar arrangements negotiated between unaffiliated third parties. Specifically, pursuant to the strategic cooperation and anti-dilution framework agreements entered into with each of Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group, respectively, where they are entitled to subscribe such number of Shares to maintain their respective existing shareholding in our Company upon completion of such placing and issuance of new Shares by the Company. For details, see the paragraph headed “History, Development and Corporate Structure — Strategic Cooperation and Anti- Dilution Framework Agreements.”

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Allocation of business opportunities. There may arise business opportunities in the future that both we, Kingsoft Group and/or Xiaomi Group, are interested in and which may complement each of our respective businesses. Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group hold a large number of business interests, some of which may directly or indirectly compete with us. Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group may decide to take up business opportunities themselves, which would prevent us from taking advantage of those opportunities.

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Sale of shares in our Company. Subject to any lock-up arrangements Kingsoft Corporation and Xiaomi may have with us and the underwriters and applicable securities laws, Kingsoft Group or Xiaomi Group may decide to sell all or a portion of the shares that they hold in our Company to a third party, including

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to one of our competitors, thereby giving that third party substantial influence over our business and our affairs. Such a sale could be contrary to the interests of our employees or our other shareholders or holders of our Shares.

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Developing business relationships with Kingsoft Group’s and Xiaomi Group’s competitors. We may be limited in our ability to do business with Kingsoft Group’s and Xiaomi Group’s competitors, which may limit our ability to serve the best interests of our Company and our other shareholders or holders of our Shares.

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Our Directors may have conflicts of interest. Certain of our directors are also directors and/or employees of Kingsoft Group and/or Xiaomi Group. Despite our policies in relation to conflict of interests, we cannot assure you that these relationships will not create, or appear to create, conflicts of interest when these persons are faced with decisions with potentially different implications for Kingsoft Group, Xiaomi Group and us.

See also “Relationship with Kingsoft Corporation — Conflicts Panel” and “Relationship with Kingsoft Corporation — Conflict of Interest Management Policy.”

Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group may from time to time make strategic decisions that they believe are in the best interests of their businesses, which may be different from the decisions that we would have made on our own. Kingsoft Group’s and Xiaomi Group’s decisions with respect to us or our business may favor Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group and therefore the Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group shareholders, which may not necessarily be aligned with our interests and the interests of our other shareholders. Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group may make decisions that may disrupt or discontinue our collaborations with Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group. If Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi Group were to compete with us, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. Although we have an audit committee, consisting of independent non-executive directors, to review and approve all proposed related party transactions, including those between Kingsoft Group or Xiaomi Group and us, we may not be able to resolve all potential conflicts of interest, and even if we do so, the resolution may be less favorable to us than if we were dealing with a non-controlling shareholder.

RISKS RELATING TO OUR CORPORATE STRUCTURE AND THE CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS

Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of Foreign Investment Law and its implementing rules and other foreign investment related laws and regulations and how they may impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The variable interest entity structure has been adopted by many PRC-based companies, including us, to obtain necessary licenses and permits in the industries that are currently subject to foreign investment restrictions in China. The Ministry of Commerce published a discussion draft of the proposed Foreign Investment Law in January 2015, or the 2015 Draft FIL, according to which, variable interest entities that are controlled via Contractual Arrangements would also be deemed as foreign-invested entities, if they are ultimately “controlled” by foreign investors. In March 2019, the PRC National People’s Congress promulgated the Foreign Investment Law, and in December 2019, the State Council promulgated the Implementing Rules of the Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China, or the Implementing Rules, to further clarify and elaborate the relevant provisions of the Foreign Investment Law. The Foreign Investment Law and the Implementing Rules both became effective from January 1, 2020. Pursuant to the Foreign Investment Law, “foreign investments” refer to investment activities conducted by foreign investors (including foreign natural persons, foreign enterprises or other foreign organizations) directly or indirectly in the PRC, which include any of the following circumstances: (i) foreign investors setting up foreign-invested enterprises in the PRC solely or jointly with other investors, (ii) foreign investors obtaining shares, equity interests, property portions or other similar rights and interests of enterprises within the PRC, (iii) foreign investors investing in new projects in the PRC solely or jointly with other investors, and (iv) investment in other methods as specified in laws, administrative regulations, or as stipulated by the State Council. The Foreign Investment Law and the

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Implementing Rules do not introduce the concept of “control” in determining whether a company would be considered as a foreign-invested enterprise, nor do they explicitly provide whether the variable interest entity structure would be deemed as a method of foreign investment. However, the Foreign Investment Law has a catch-all provision that includes into the definition of “foreign investments” made by foreign investors in China in other methods as specified in laws, administrative regulations, or as stipulated by the State Council, and as relevant government authorities may promulgate more laws, regulations or rules on the interpretation and implementation of the Foreign Investment Law, the possibility cannot be ruled out that the concept of “control” as stated in the 2015 Draft FIL may be embodied in, or the variable interest entity structure adopted by us may be deemed as a method of foreign investment by, any of such future laws, regulations and rules. If our Consolidated Affiliated Entities were deemed as a foreign-invested enterprise under any of such future laws, regulations and rules, and any of the businesses that we operate would be in the “negative list” for foreign investment and therefore be subject to foreign investment restrictions or prohibitions, further actions required to be taken by us under such laws, regulations and rules may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, if foreign investment related laws, administrative regulations or rules change in the future, we may need to take further actions with respect to our Consolidated Affiliated Entities for the purpose of having better operational control on our Consolidated Affiliated Entities or continuously satisfying applicable requirements of the stock exchange where we list. For example, the Administrative Regulations on Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprises were recently amended by the State Council and took effect on May 1, 2022 (the “2022 FITE Regulations”). The 2022 FITE Regulations canceled the qualification requirement on the primary foreign investor in a foreign invested value-added telecommunications enterprise for having a good track record and operational experience in the value-added telecommunications industry as stipulated in the previous version. Given this new regulatory development and any further detailed implementing rules that the PRC governmental authority may formulate in the future, we may need to take further actions with respect to the Consolidated Affiliated Entities for the purpose of having better operational control on the Consolidated Affiliated Entities or satisfying applicable requirements of the stock exchange where we list, which will be subject to a number of uncertainties, including adjusting the contractual arrangements with the Consolidated Affiliated Entities, registration of the transfer of the equity interests of the Consolidated Affiliated Entities and their subsidiaries, registration of the new equity pledges, and obtaining additional operating permits or making amendments to our current operating permits, including the VAT Licenses. However, we may face substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete such actions in a timely manner, or at all. Failure to take timely and appropriate measures to cope with any of these or similar regulatory compliance challenges could materially and adversely affect our current corporate structure, corporate governance, financial conditions and business operations.

RISKS RELATING TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINA

Changes in China’s economic, or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.

Substantially all of our assets and operations are located in China. In 2019, 2020, 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022, revenues generated in foreign countries accounted for 0.5%, 1.5%, 1.4% and 2.7% of our total revenue, receptively, and purchases in foreign countries accounted for 0.2%, 1.4%, 1.8% and 4.1% of our total purchases, respectively. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be influenced to a significant degree by economic and social conditions in China generally. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through allocating resources, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. While the economy in China has grown significantly over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy, and the rate of growth has been slowing in recent years. Any adverse changes in economic conditions in China, in

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the policies of the Chinese government or in the laws and regulations in China could potentially have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China. Such developments could adversely affect our business and results of operations, lead to a reduction in demand for our services and adversely affect our competitive position. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. For another example, if there are adverse changes in economic conditions in China, businesses may be negatively impacted thus may cut their procurement budget for cloud services, including procurement of our cloud services. The Chinese government also has significant authority to exert influence on the ability of a China-based issuer, such as our Company, to conduct its business and control over securities offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investments in such issuer. The Chinese government may intervene or influence the operations of a China-based issuer at any time, which could result in a material change in the Company’s operations and/or the value of our Ordinary Shares and/or ADSs. In particular, there have been recent statements by the PRC government indicating an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. Any such regulatory oversight or control could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of our Ordinary Shares and ADSs to significantly decline or become worthless. See “— Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system, including uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws, and sudden or unexpected changes in policies, laws and regulations in China, could adversely affect us.” In addition, in the past the Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate adjustment, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity in China, which may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The filing, approval or other administrative requirements of the CSRC or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with the Introduction under PRC law.

On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Taxation Administration, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, which has been merged into the SAMR, the CSRC, and SAFE, jointly adopted the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (《關於外國投資者併購境內企業的規定》) (the “M&A Rules”), which came into effect on September 8, 2006 and were amended on June 22, 2009. The M&A Rules include, among other things, provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle that is controlled by PRC domestic companies or individuals and that has been formed for the purpose of an overseas listing of securities through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies or assets to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. However, substantial uncertainty remains regarding the scope and applicability of the M&A Rules to offshore special purpose vehicles.

While the application of the M&A Rules remains unclear, we believe, based on the advice of our PRC Legal Adviser, that the CSRC approval abovementioned under the M&A Rules is not required in the context of the Introduction because (1) our wholly foreign-owned PRC subsidiaries were not established through mergers or acquisitions of equity interest or assets of a PRC domestic company owned by PRC companies or individuals as defined under the M&A Rules that are the beneficial owners of our Company; and (2) no provision in the M&A Rules clearly classifies contractual arrangements as a type of transaction subject to the M&A Rules. There can be no assurance that the relevant PRC government agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as our PRC Legal Adviser.

Furthermore, the PRC government authorities may strengthen oversight over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in overseas-listed China-based issuers like us. Such actions taken by the PRC government authorities may intervene our operations at any time, which are beyond our control. For instance, the relevant PRC governments promulgated the Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities (《關於依法從嚴打擊證券違法活動的意見》), among which, it is mentioned that the administration and supervision of overseas-listed China-based companies will be strengthened, and the special

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provisions of the State Council on overseas issuance and listing of shares by such companies will be revised, clarifying the responsibilities of domestic industry competent authorities and regulatory authorities. However, due to lack of further interpretations or applications from the competent authorities on such opinions, there are still uncertainties regarding the interpretation and implementation of these opinions, and any new rules or regulations promulgated in the future may impose additional requirements on us.

On December 24, 2021, the CSRC published the draft Regulations of the State Council on the Administration of Overseas Issuance and Listing of Securities by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comments) (《國務院關於境內企業境外發行證券和上市的管理規定(草案徵求意見稿)》) and the draft Administrative Measures for the Record-Filing of Overseas Issuance and Listing of Securities by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comments) (《境內企業境外發行證券和上市備案管理辦法(徵求意見稿)》) for public comments till January 23, 2022. Pursuant to these drafts, a filing-based regulatory system will be applied to both “direct overseas offering and listing” and “indirect overseas offering and listing” of PRC domestic companies. The “indirect overseas offering and listing” of PRC domestic companies refers to such securities offering and listing in an overseas market made in the name of an offshore entity, but based on the underlying equity, assets, earnings or other similar rights of a domestic company which operates its main business domestically. If the issuer meets the following conditions, the offering and listing shall be determined as an indirect overseas offering and listing by a domestic company: (i) the total assets, net assets, revenues or profits of the domestic operating entity or entities of the issuer in the most recent accounting year account for more than 50% of the corresponding figure in the issuer’s audited consolidated financial statements for the same period; (ii) most of the senior managers in charge of business operation and management of the issuer are Chinese citizens or have domicile in China, and its main places of business are located in China or main business activities are conducted in China. As of the Latest Practicable Date, it remains uncertain when the final Administrative Provisions and Filing Measures will be adopted and whether they will be adopted in the current draft form. If the Administrative Provisions and Filing Measures are adopted in the current form before the Introduction is completed, we may be required to file the relevant documents with the CSRC and complete the filing procedures with the CSRC in connection with the Introduction. Failure to complete the filing under the Administrative Provisions and Filing Measures may subject a PRC domestic company to a warning and a fine of RMB1 million to RMB10 million. In the event of a serious violation of the Administrative Provisions, the PRC domestic company may be ordered to discontinue the related business or suspend its operations for rectification, and its permits or business licenses may be revoked.

Furthermore, on April 2, 2022, the CSRC published the draft Provisions on Strengthening the Confidentiality and Archives Management Related to Overseas Issuance and Listing of Securities by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comments), or the Draft Confidentiality and Archives Management Provisions, for public comments. Pursuant to the Draft Confidentiality and Archives Management Provisions, PRC domestic companies that seek to offer and list securities in overseas markets shall establish confidentiality and archives system. The PRC domestic companies shall obtain approval from the competent authority and file with the confidential administration department at the same level when providing or publicly disclosing documents and materials related to state secrets or secrets of the governmental authorities to the relevant securities companies, securities service agencies or the offshore regulatory authorities or providing or publicly disclosing such documents and materials through its offshore listing entity, and shall complete corresponding procedures when providing or publicly disclosing documents and materials which may adversely influence national security and the public interest to the relevant securities companies, securities service agencies or the offshore regulatory authorities or providing or publicly disclosing such documents and materials through its offshore listing entity. The PRC domestic companies shall provide written statements on the implementation on the aforementioned rules to the relevant securities companies and securities service agencies and the PRC domestic companies shall not provide accounting files to an overseas accounting firm unless such firm comply with the corresponding procedures. As of the Latest Practicable Date, the Draft Confidentiality and Archives Management Provisions were released for public comments only and the final version and effective date of such regulations are subject to change with substantial uncertainty.

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jurisdiction over our operations. If the CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities subsequently determines that we need to obtain their approval or complete the required filing or other administrative procedures for the Introduction, or if such government authorities promulgate any interpretation or implement rules that would require us to obtain approvals from the CSRC or other regulatory authorities or complete required filing or other administrative procedures for the Introduction, it is uncertain whether we can or how long it will take us to obtain such approval or complete such filing or other administrative procedures, or obtain any waiver of aforesaid requirements if and when procedures are established to obtain such waiver. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining such approval or completing such filing or other required administrative procedures for the Introduction, or a rescission of any such approval obtained by us, could subject us to sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. In any such event, these regulatory authorities may also impose fines and penalties on our operations in China, limit our operating privileges in China, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our offshore offerings into the PRC or take other actions that could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as our ability to complete the Introduction. The CSRC or any other PRC government authorities may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt our offshore offerings before settlement and delivery of our Ordinary Shares offered thereby. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to settlement and delivery, you do so at the risk that such settlement and delivery may not occur. Any uncertainties or negative publicity regarding such approval requirements could materially and adversely affect the trading price of our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs.

We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.

We are a Cayman Islands holding company and we rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity from our PRC subsidiaries for our cash requirements, including for services of any debt we may incur. The ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends and other distributions on equity, in turn, depends on the payment they receive from our Consolidated Affiliated Entities as service fees pursuant to certain Contractual Arrangements among our PRC subsidiaries, our Consolidated Affiliated Entities and our Consolidated Affiliated Entities’ shareholders entered into to comply with certain restrictions under PRC law on foreign investment. Please refer to the sections headed “Contractual Arrangements” and “Connected Transactions” in the Listing Document for further details.

Our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends is based upon their distributable earnings. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to their respective shareholders only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our PRC subsidiaries and each of our Consolidated Affiliated Entities and their subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of each of their registered capitals. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. If our PRC subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to distribute dividends or other payments to their respective shareholders could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

To address the persistent capital outflow and the RMB’s depreciation against the U.S. dollar in the fourth quarter of 2016, the People’s Bank of China and SAFE, implemented a series of capital control measures in subsequent months, including stricter vetting procedures for China-based companies to remit foreign currency for overseas acquisitions, dividend payments and shareholder loan repayments. For instance, the Circular on Promoting the Reform of Foreign Exchange Management and Improving Authenticity and Compliance Review, issued on January 26, 2017, provides that the banks shall, when dealing with dividend remittance transactions from a domestic enterprise to its offshore shareholders of more than US$50,000, review the relevant board resolutions, original tax filing form and audited financial statements of such domestic enterprise based on the principal of genuine transaction. The PRC government may continue to strengthen its

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capital controls and our PRC subsidiaries’ dividends and other distributions may be subject to tightened scrutiny in the future. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

In addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax at a rate of 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless reduced under treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises are tax resident. Pursuant to the tax agreement between Mainland China and Hong Kong, the withholding tax rate in respect to the payment of dividends by a PRC enterprise to a Hong Kong enterprise may be reduced to 5% from a standard rate of 10% if the Hong Kong enterprise directly holds at least 25% of the PRC enterprise. Under administrative guidance, a Hong Kong resident enterprise must meet the following conditions, among others, in order to apply the reduced withholding tax rate: (i) it must be a company; (ii) it must directly own the required percentage of equity interests and voting rights in the PRC resident enterprise; and (iii) it must have directly owned such required percentage in the PRC resident enterprise throughout the 12 months prior to receiving the dividends. Nonresident enterprises are not required to obtain pre-approval from the relevant tax authority in order to enjoy the reduced withholding tax rate. Instead, nonresident enterprises and their withholding agents may, by self-assessment and on confirmation that the prescribed criteria to enjoy the tax treaty benefits are met, directly apply the reduced withholding tax rate, and file necessary forms and supporting documents when performing tax filings, which will be subject to post-tax filing examinations by the relevant tax authorities. Accordingly, our Hong Kong subsidiary may be able to benefit from the 5% withholding tax rate for the dividends it receives from our PRC subsidiaries, if it satisfies the conditions prescribed under the relevant tax rules and regulations. However, if the relevant tax authorities consider the transactions or arrangements we have are for the primary purpose of enjoying a favorable tax treatment, the relevant tax authorities may adjust the favorable withholding tax in the future. Accordingly, there is no assurance that the reduced 5% will apply to dividends received by our Hong Kong subsidiary from our PRC subsidiaries. This withholding tax will reduce the amount of dividends we may receive from our PRC subsidiaries.

PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay us from using the proceeds of our offshore offerings to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries and from making loans to our Consolidated Affiliated Entities, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

We are an offshore holding company conducting our operations in China through our PRC subsidiaries and our Consolidated Affiliated Entities. We may make loans to our PRC subsidiaries and Consolidated Affiliated Entities subject to the approval from governmental authorities and limitation of amount, or we may make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries in China.

Any loans to our PRC subsidiaries in China, which are treated as foreign-invested enterprises under PRC law, are subject to PRC regulations and foreign exchange loan registrations. For example, loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries in China to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE. In addition, a foreign invested enterprise shall use its capital pursuant to the principle of authenticity and self-use within its business scope. The capital of a foreign invested enterprise shall not be used for the following purposes: (i) directly or indirectly used for payment beyond the business scope of the enterprises or the payment prohibited by relevant laws and regulations; (ii) directly or indirectly used for investment in securities investments other than banks’ principal-secured products unless otherwise provided by relevant laws and regulations; (iii) the granting of loans to non-affiliated enterprises, except where it is expressly permitted in the business license; and (iv) paying the expenses related to the purchase of real estate that is not for self-use (except for the foreign-invested real estate enterprises).

SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19, effective June 2015, which was amended on in December 2019, in replacement of the Circular on the

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Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises, the Notice from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Relevant Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Exchange Businesses, and the Circular on Further Clarification and Regulation of the Issues Concerning the Administration of Certain Capital Account Foreign Exchange Businesses. Although SAFE Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within China, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFE will permit such capital to be used for equity investments in China in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or SAFE Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, which reiterates some of the rules set forth in SAFE Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to issue loans to non-associated enterprises. Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer any foreign currency we hold to our PRC subsidiaries, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business in China.

On October 23, 2019, SAFE issued the Circular on Further Promoting Cross-Border Trade and Investment Facilitation, or Circular 28, which took effect on the same day. Circular 28, subject to certain conditions, allows foreign-invested enterprises whose business scope does not include investment, or non-investment foreign-invested enterprises, to use their capital funds to make equity investments in China. As of the Latest Practicable Date, its interpretation and implementation in practice are still subject to substantial uncertainties.

In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans to our PRC subsidiaries or Consolidated Affiliated Entities or future capital contributions by us to our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China. As a result, uncertainties exist as to our ability to provide prompt financial support to our PRC subsidiaries or Consolidated Affiliated Entities when needed.

Certain PRC regulations may make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions.

Among other things, the M&A Rules established additional procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex. Such regulation requires, among other things, that Ministry of Commerce be notified in advance of any change of control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise, if (i) any important industry is concerned, (ii) such transaction involves factors that have or may have impact on the national economic security, or (iii) such transaction will lead to a change in control of a domestic enterprise which holds a famous trademark or PRC time-honored brand. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China and effective in 2008, as most recently amended on June 24, 2022 and effective from August 1, 2022, requires that transactions which are deemed concentrations and involve parties with specified turnover thresholds must be cleared by the relevant anti-monopoly authority before they can be completed. In addition, the Measures for the Security Review of Foreign Investment promulgated by the NDRC and the Ministry of Commerce in December 2020 specify that in respect of foreign investments in military, national defense-related areas or in locations in proximity to military facilities, or foreign investments that would result in acquiring the actual control of enterprises in certain key sectors, such as critical agricultural products, energy and resources, equipment manufacturing, infrastructure, transport, cultural products and services, information technology, internet products and services, financial services and technology sectors, the foreign investor or the relevant party in China in relation to the foregoing foreign investments is required to proactively report to the designated governmental

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authorities in advance and shall not proceed the foreign investments until the governmental authorities decide whether to initiate the security review. We may pursue potential strategic acquisitions that are complementary to our business and operations. Complying with the requirements of these regulations and other applicable laws and regulations to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval or clearance from the competent governmental authority, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.

Our ADSs may be delisted and our ADSs and shares prohibited from trading on a national securities exchange or through any other method that is within the jurisdiction of the SEC to regulate, including through over-the-counter trading under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or fully investigate auditors located in China. The delisting of our ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.

As part of a continued regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit and other information currently protected by national law, in particular China’s, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA has been signed into law on December 18, 2020. The HFCAA states if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection for the PCAOB for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit our shares or ADS from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the counter trading market in the U.S. Accordingly, under the current law this could happen in 2024.

On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final amendments to its rules implementing the HFCAA (the “Final Amendments”). The Final Amendments include requirements to disclose information, including the auditor name and location, the percentage of shares of the issuer owned by governmental entities, whether governmental entities in the applicable foreign jurisdiction with respect to the auditor has a controlling financial interest with respect to the issuer, the name of each official of the Chinese Communist Party who is a member of the board of the issuer, and whether the articles of incorporation of the issuer contains any charter of the Chinese Communist Party. The Final Amendments also establish procedures the SEC will follow in identifying issuers and prohibiting trading by certain issuers under the HFCAA.

On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued the HFCAA Determination Report to notify the SEC of its determination that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. The PCAOB identified our auditor as one of the registered public accounting firms that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely. In June 2022, we were conclusively identified by the SEC under the HFCAA as having filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that cannot be inspected or investigated completely by the PCAOB in connection with our filing of the annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol with the CSRC and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC, which contains provisions that, if abided by, would give the PCAOB access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong completely. Despite of the detailed and specific requirements as prescribed in the agreement, if the PCAOB were unable to inspect or investigate completely the registered public accounting firms located in foreign jurisdictions, issuers that use those firms for three consecutive years may still face prohibitions on their securities trading in the U.S..

On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB released a statement confirming it has secured complete access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, and it issued the 2022 HFCAA Determination Report to vacate its previous determinations to the contrary. Accordingly, our auditor is no longer identified as one of the registered public accounting firms that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely. The PCAOB is continuing to demand complete access, and it will act immediately to reconsider such determinations should China obstruct, or otherwise fail to facilitate the PCAOB’s access, at any time. Therefore, there is no guarantee that our auditor would not be identified again by the PCAOB in the future as a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB is unable

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to inspect or investigate completely. In such event, we would again be subject to the trading prohibition under the HFCAA if we were so identified by the SEC for three consecutive years.

The HFCAA or other efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause investor uncertainty for affected issuers, including us, and the market price of the ADSs could be adversely affected. Additionally, whether the PCAOB will be able to conduct inspections of our auditor is subject to substantial uncertainty and depends on a number of factors out of our control. If we are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement for three consecutive years, we could be delisted from the Nasdaq Stock Market and our ADSs will not be permitted for trading “over-the-counter” either. Such a delisting would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our ADSs when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with delisting would have a negative impact on the price of our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs. Also, such a delisting would significantly affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, which would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and prospects.

RISKS RELATING TO OUR ORDINARY SHARES AND THE ADSs

The price and trading volume of our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs may be volatile, which could lead to substantial losses to investors.

The trading price and volume of the ADSs has been volatile. Since the ADSs started to trade on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on May 8, 2020, and up to the Latest Practicable Date, the trading price of our ADSs has ranged from US$1.77 to US$74.67 per ADS, and the daily trading volume of our ADSs has ranged from 0.4 million to 68.9 million. As of the Latest Practicable Date, the closing trading price of our ADSs was US$3.61 per ADS, and the trading volume of our ADSs was 2.13 million. The trading price of the ADSs could continue to fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. The trading price and volume of our Ordinary Shares, likewise, can be volatile for similar or different reasons. In particular, the business and performance and the market price and volume of the shares of other companies engaging in similar business to ours or those with operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in Hong Kong or the United States may affect the price and trading volume of our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs. The securities of some of these companies have experienced significant volatility since their initial public offerings, including, in some cases, substantial price declines in the trading prices of their securities. The trading performances of other Chinese companies’ securities after their offerings, including technology companies and transaction service platforms, may affect the attitudes of investors toward Chinese companies listed in Hong Kong and/or the United States, which consequently may impact the trading performance of our Ordinary Shares and/or ADSs, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, any negative news or perceptions about inadequate corporate governance practices or fraudulent accounting, corporate structure or matters of other Chinese companies may also negatively affect the attitudes of investors towards Chinese companies in general, including us, regardless of whether we have conducted any inappropriate activities. Furthermore, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the Group’s operating performance. In addition, a portion of our ADSs may be traded by short sellers, which may further increase the volatility of the trading price of our ADSs. All these fluctuations and incidents may have a material and adverse effect on the trading price of our Ordinary Shares and/or our ADSs.

In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume of our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs may be highly volatile for factors specific to our own operations, including the following:

•

macro-economic factors in China;

•

variations in our revenues, earnings, or cash flow;

•

fluctuations in operating metrics;

•

announcements of new investments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, capital raisings or capital commitments or joint ventures by us or our competitors;

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announcements of new offerings, solutions and services and expansions by us or our competitors;

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•

changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;

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detrimental negative publicity about us, our services or our industry;

•

announcements of new regulations, rules or policies relevant to our business;

•

additions or departures of key personnel;

•

allegations of a lack of effective internal control over financial reporting, inadequate corporate governance policies, or allegations of fraud, among other things, involving China-based issuers;

•

our major shareholders’ business performance and reputation;

•

release of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities;

•

regulatory developments affecting us or our industry;

•

political or trade tensions between the United States and China;

•

actual or potential litigation or regulatory investigations;

•

any share repurchase program;

•

proceedings instituted by the SEC against PRC-based accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm;

•

fluctuations of exchange rates among Renminbi, the Hong Kong dollar and the U.S. dollar; and

•

sales or perceived potential sales of additional Ordinary Shares or ADSs.

Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which our Ordinary Shares or the ADSs will trade. Furthermore, the stock exchanges on which our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs are traded in general experience price and volume fluctuations that are often unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies like us. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our Ordinary Shares or the ADSs.

In the past, shareholders of public companies have often brought securities class action suits against companies following periods of instability in the market price of their securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit, which could harm our results of operations. Any such class action suit, whether successful or not, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Substantial future sales or perceived sales of our Ordinary Shares or the ADSs in the public market following the Introduction could materially and adversely affect the price of our Ordinary Shares or the ADSs.

Sales of our Ordinary Shares or the ADSs in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our securities to decline. Shares held by our existing shareholders may be available for sale subject to the volume and other restrictions as applicable provided in Rules 144 and 701 under the Securities Act and the applicable lock-up agreements, including those entered into in connection with the Introduction. We cannot predict what effect, if any, market sales of securities held by our significant shareholders, management team or any other shareholder or the availability of these securities for future sale will have on the market price of our Ordinary Shares or the ADSs.

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through Hong Kong or U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by the Articles, the Companies Act and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of

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shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England and Wales, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in Hong Kong or some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands have a less developed body of securities laws than Hong Kong or the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. Moreover, while under Delaware law, controlling shareholders owe fiduciary duties to the companies they control and their minority shareholders, under Cayman Islands law, our controlling shareholder does not owe any such fiduciary duties to our Company or to our minority shareholders. Accordingly, our controlling shareholder may exercise their powers as shareholders, including the exercise of voting rights in respect of their shares, in such manner as they think fit.

Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records (other than the Memorandum and Articles, the register of mortgages and charges and any special resolutions passed by shareholders) or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors have discretion under our articles of association to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by our management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholder than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States.

Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.

We are an exempted company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and substantially all of our assets are located outside of Hong Kong or the United States. Substantially all of our current operations are conducted in China. In addition, some of our current directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries and regions other than Hong Kong or the United States. Most of the assets of these persons are located outside Hong Kong or the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in Hong Kong or the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under Hong Kong laws or the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers.

Our Articles give us power to take certain actions that could discourage a third party from acquiring us, which could limit our Shareholders’ opportunity to sell their Shares, including Ordinary Shares and the ADSs, at a premium.

Our Articles contain provisions to limit the ability of others to acquire control of our Company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our Shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our Company in a tender offer or similar transaction. Subject to any applicable rules and regulations of authorities of places where securities of the Company are listed, and on the conditions that (a) no new class of shares with voting rights superior to those of the Ordinary Shares will be created; and (b) any variations in the relative rights as between the different classes will not result in the

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creation of a new class of shares with voting rights superior to those of the Ordinary Shares, our Board has the authority, without further action by our Shareholders, to issue shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our Ordinary Shares, including Ordinary Shares represented by ADSs.

However, our exercise of any such power that may limit the ability of others to acquire control of our Company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions under our Articles after the Introduction will be subject to our overriding obligations to comply with all applicable Hong Kong laws and regulations, the Listing Rules, and the Codes on Takeovers and Mergers and Share Buy-backs.

RISKS RELATING TO THE DUAL LISTING

During the Designated Period and 40 days immediately following it, our Shares will not be accepted for deposit in our existing ADR facility, which will adversely affect investors’ ability to exchange Shares for ADSs for trading in the United States.

The arbitrage trades conducted in the circumstances described in “Listings, Registration, Dealings and Settlement” of the Listing Document by the Designated Dealer and the Alternate Designated Dealer will be conducted pursuant to Regulation S of the U.S. Securities Act and will not be registered under the U.S. Securities Act. As such, during the Bridging Period and the 40 days immediately following it, no Shares will be accepted for deposit in our existing ADR facility. Because investors will be precluded from exchanging Shares into ADSs for trading in the United States during the entire Designated Period and the 40 days immediately following it, the liquidity of and demand for our Shares may adversely affected.

An active trading market for our Ordinary Shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange might not develop or be sustained and trading prices of our Ordinary Shares might fluctuate significantly.

Following the completion of the Introduction, we cannot assure you that an active trading market for our Ordinary Shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange will develop or be sustained. The trading price or liquidity for the ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Select Market might not be indicative of those of our Ordinary Shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange following the completion of the Introduction. If an active trading market of our Ordinary Shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange does not develop or is not sustained after the Introduction, the market price and liquidity of our Ordinary Shares could be materially and adversely affected.

In 2014, the Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Shenzhen stock exchanges collaborated to create an inter-exchange trading mechanism called Stock Connect that allows international and PRC investors to trade eligible equity securities listed in each other’s markets through the trading and clearing facilities of their home exchange. Stock Connect currently covers over 2,000 equity securities trading in the Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Shenzhen markets. Stock Connect allows PRC investors to trade directly in eligible equity securities listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, known as Southbound Trading; without Stock Connect, PRC investors would not otherwise have a direct and established means of engaging in Southbound Trading. However, since these rules are relatively new, there remains uncertainty as to the implementation details, especially with respect to shares of those companies with a secondary or dual-primary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. It is unclear whether and when our Ordinary Shares of our Company, a company with a dual-primarily listing in Hong Kong upon the Listing, will be eligible to be traded through Stock Connect, if at all. The ineligibility or any delay of our Ordinary Shares for trading through Stock Connect will affect PRC investors’ ability to trade our Ordinary Shares and therefore may limit the liquidity of the trading of our Ordinary Shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

The liquidity of our Shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange could be limited and the effectiveness of the Liquidity Arrangements is subject to limitations.

Our Shares have not been traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange before the Introduction and there could be limited liquidity in our Shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. We cannot assure you that an

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active trading market for our Shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange will develop or be sustained. In addition, there is no assurance that the price at which Shares are traded on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange will be substantially the same as or similar to the per-share equivalent price at which our ADSs are traded on Nasdaq or that any particular volume of Shares will trade on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. If an active trading market of our Shares in Hong Kong is not developed or is not sustained after the Introduction, the market price and liquidity of our Shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange could be materially and adversely affected.

Throughout the Designated Period, the Designated Dealer and the Alternate Designated Dealer intend to carry out arbitrage activities between the United States and Hong Kong markets subject to the applicable laws and regulations, including not to sell to persons in the U.S. when carrying out the arbitrage activities. See the section headed “Listings, Registration, Dealings and Settlement” in the Listing Document for more information. We can offer no assurance that the Liquidity Arrangements will attain and/or maintain liquidity in our Shares at any particular level on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, nor is there assurance that an active trading market for our Shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange will in fact develop.

The Liquidity Arrangements being implemented in connection with the Introduction are not equivalent to price stabilization activities that are frequently undertaken in connection with initial public offering on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange or other markets.

The time required for the exchange between our Ordinary Shares and ADSs might be longer than expected and investors might not be able to settle or effect any sale of their securities during this period, and the exchange of Ordinary Shares into ADSs involves costs.

There is no direct trading or settlement between the Nasdaq and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on which our ADSs and Ordinary Shares are respectively traded. In addition, the time differences between Hong Kong and New York, unforeseen market circumstances, or other factors may delay the deposit of Ordinary Shares in exchange for the ADSs or the withdrawal of Ordinary Shares underlying the ADSs. Investors will be prevented from settling or effecting the sale of their securities during such periods of delay. In addition, we cannot assure you that any exchange for Ordinary Shares into ADSs (and vice versa) will be completed in accordance with the timelines that investors may anticipate.

The characteristics of the U.S. capital markets and the Hong Kong capital markets are different.

Upon the Listing, we will be subject to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq Global Select Market listing and regulatory requirements concurrently. The Nasdaq Global Select Market and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange have different trading hours, trading characteristics (including trading volume and liquidity), trading and listing rules, and investor bases (including different levels of retail and institutional participation). As a result of these differences, the trading prices of our Ordinary Shares and the ADSs representing them might not be the same, even allowing for currency differences. Fluctuations in the price of the ADSs due to circumstances peculiar to its home capital market could materially and adversely affect the price of our Ordinary Shares. Because of the different characteristics of the U.S. and Hong Kong capital markets, the historic market prices of the ADSs may not be indicative of the performance of our securities (including our Ordinary Shares) after the Introduction.

We may fail to meet our publicly announced guidance or other expectations about our business, which could cause our stock price to decline.

We may from time to time provide guidance regarding our expected financial and business performance. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and our guidance may not ultimately be accurate in all respects. Our guidance is based on certain assumptions, such as those relating to operating costs and expenses. If our guidance varies from actual results, the market value of our Ordinary Shares and/or ADSs could decline significantly.

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There is uncertainty as to whether Hong Kong stamp duty will apply to the trading of the ADSs or deposits in or withdrawals from the ADSs facility following our Listing of our Ordinary Shares on the Stock Exchange.

In connection with our Listing of Ordinary Shares in Hong Kong, we will establish a branch register of members in Hong Kong, or the Hong Kong share register. Our Ordinary Shares that are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, including those to be issued in the Introduction and those that would be delivered upon surrender of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawals, will be registered on the Hong Kong share register, and the trading of these Shares on the Stock Exchange will be subject to the Hong Kong stamp duty. To facilitate deposits in and withdrawals from the ADS facility and trading between the Nasdaq Global Select Market and the Stock Exchange, we also intend to move a portion of our issued Ordinary Shares from our register of members maintained in the Cayman Islands to our Hong Kong share register.

Under the Hong Kong Stamp Duty Ordinance, any person who effects any sale or purchase of Hong Kong stock, defined as stock the transfer of which is required to be registered in Hong Kong, is required to pay Hong Kong stamp duty. The stamp duty is currently set at a total rate of 0.26% of the greater of the consideration for, or the value of, shares transferred, with 0.13% payable by each of the buyer and the seller. See “Information about this Listing Document and the Introduction — Dealings and Settlement of Shares in Hong Kong” in the Listing Document.

To the best of our knowledge, Hong Kong stamp duty has not been levied in practice on the trading or deposits in or withdrawals from ADSs facilities of companies that are listed in both the United States and Hong Kong and that have maintained all or a portion of their common shares, including common shares represented by ADSs, in their Hong Kong share registers. However, it is unclear whether, as a matter of Hong Kong law, the trading of ADSs or deposits in or withdrawals from ADSs facilities of these dual-listed companies constitutes a sale or purchase of the underlying Hong Kong-registered common shares that is subject to Hong Kong stamp duty. We advise investors to consult their own tax advisors on this matter. If Hong Kong stamp duty is determined by the competent authority to apply to those transactions, the trading price and the value of your investment in our Ordinary Shares and/or the ADSs may be affected.

The deposit of our Ordinary Shares for delivery of ADSs and the surrender of ADSs for cancelation and withdrawal of our Ordinary Shares may adversely affect the liquidity or trading price of our securities.

The ADSs are currently traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. Subject to compliance with U.S. securities laws and the terms of the deposit agreement, holders of our Ordinary Shares may deposit Ordinary Shares with the depositary for delivery of ADSs. Any holder of ADSs may also withdraw the underlying Ordinary Shares represented by the ADSs pursuant to the terms of the deposit agreement for trading on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. In the event that a substantial number of Ordinary Shares are deposited with the depositary for delivery of ADSs or that a substantial number of ADSs are surrendered for cancelation and withdrawal of our Ordinary Shares, the liquidity and trading price of our Ordinary Shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Select Market may be adversely affected.

The time required for the deposit of our Ordinary Shares for delivery of ADSs and the surrender of ADSs for cancelation and withdrawal of our Ordinary Shares might be longer than expected and investors might not be able to settle or effect any sale of their securities during this period, and such actions may involve costs.

There is no direct trading or settlement between the Nasdaq Global Select Market and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on which the ADSs and our Ordinary Shares are respectively traded. In addition, the time differences between Hong Kong and New York, unforeseen market circumstances, or other factors may delay the deposit of Ordinary Shares for delivery of the ADSs or the surrender of ADSs for cancelation and withdrawal of our Ordinary Shares. Investors will be prevented from settling or effecting the sale of their securities during such periods of delay. In addition, we cannot assure you that any deposit of our Ordinary Shares for delivery of ADSs or surrender of ADSs for cancelation and withdrawal of our Ordinary Shares will be completed in accordance with the timelines that investors may anticipate.

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Furthermore, the depositary for the ADSs is entitled to charge holders fees for various services including for the issuance of ADSs upon deposit of Ordinary Shares, cancelation of ADSs, distributions of cash dividends or other cash distributions, distributions of ADSs pursuant to share dividends or other free share distributions, distributions of securities other than ADSs, and annual service fees. As a result, shareholders who deposit Ordinary Shares for delivery of ADSs or surrender ADSs for cancelation and withdrawal of our Ordinary Shares may not achieve the level of economic return they may anticipate.

We incur increased costs as a result of being a public company.

As a public company listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market, we incur and will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses for compliance with regulatory requirement. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and the Nasdaq Stock Market, impose various requirements on the corporate governance practices of public companies. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some corporate activities more time-consuming and costlier.

In addition, we will also incur additional costs as a result of the Listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. We expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements from regulatory authorities. In addition, we may incur additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. It may also be more difficult for us to find qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to relevant rules and regulations, and we cannot predict or estimate with any degree of certainty the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.

We may be subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert management attention.

Companies that have experienced volatility in the volume and market price of their shares have been subject to an increased incidence of securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, and, if adversely determined, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Purchasers of our Ordinary Shares will incur immediate and significant dilution and may experience further dilution if we issue additional shares or other equity securities in the future, including pursuant to the share incentive schemes.

In order to expand our business, we may consider offering and issuing additional shares or other equity securities in the future. Purchasers of our ordinary Shares may experience dilution in the net tangible asset value per share of their Ordinary Shares if we issue additional shares or other equity securities in the future at a price which is lower than the net tangible asset value per Ordinary Share at that time. Furthermore, we may issue ordinary shares pursuant to the share incentive schemes, which would further dilute Shareholders’ interests in our Company.

The Company expects to issue additional Shares with an aggregate USD equivalent amount of approximately RMB962.6 million on June 30, 2023 pursuant to the Camelot Merger Agreement (as defined in section headed “History, Development and Corporate Structure”) (the “Closing of Camelot Merger Agreement”). For further details of such transactions, see sections headed “History, Development and Corporate Structure — Acquisition of Camelot and Camelot Technology.”

For illustrative purpose only, set out below is a summary of the shareholding structure of the Company (i) as of the Latest Practicable Date and (ii) immediately after the Closing of Camelot Merger Agreement, assuming no other Shares of the Company will be issued from the Latest Practicable date to the date of the Closing of Camelot Merger Agreement, with the assumption that the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s ADSs listed on the Nasdaq for thirty (30) trading days immediately preceding June 30, 2023 to be (a) USD34.96 (being the highest closing price of the ADSs of the Company for the 12 months ended June 30,

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2022), (b) USD2.56 (being the lowest closing price of the ADSs of the Company for the 12 months ended June 30, 2022) and (c) USD18.76 (being the mid-point of the highest and the lowest closing price of the ADSs of the Company for the 12 months ended June 30, 2022) (the “High-end Assumed Price”, “Low-end Assumed Price”, and “Mid-point Assumed Price”, respectively):

(a)

Based on High-end Assumed Price of USD34.96 and exchange rate of RMB6.6981 to USD1.00

	As at the Latest Practicable Date				Immediately after the Closing of Camelot Merger Agreement
	Number of Approximate Shares		%		Number of Approximate Shares		%
Kingsoft Corporation		1,423,246,584		37.40%		1,423,246,584		36.81%
Xiaomi Corporation		449,701,000		11.82%		449,701,000		11.63%
Camelot shareholders in relation to Closing of Camelot Merger Agreement (including Camelot Founders and non-founder shareholders of Camelot)(1) (“Relevant Camelot Shareholders”)		213,137,581		5.60%		274,799,078(2)		7.11%
Other shareholders		1,719,199,636		45.18%		1,719,199,636		44.46%
Total		3,805,284,801		100.00%		3,866,946,298		100.00%

Notes:

(1)

Including (i) the Camelot Founders holding 89,453,974 Shares and 73,034,892 Shares, representing approximately 2.35% and 1.92% of the issued share capital of the Company as of the Latest Practicable Date; and (ii) 22 non-founder shareholders of Camelot, in aggregate holding 50,648,715 Shares, representing approximately 1.33% of the issued share capital of the Company as of the Latest Practicable Date.

(2)

Including new issuance of holdback Shares with an aggregate USD equivalent amount of approximately RMB190 million to be issued to the Camelot Founders, representing approximately 12,170,875 Shares based on High-end Assumed Price of USD34.96, representing approximately 0.31% of the issued share capital of the Company Immediately after the Closing of Camelot Merger Agreement.

(b)

Based on Low-end Assumed Price of USD2.56 and exchange rate of RMB6.6981 to USD1.00

	As at the Latest Practicable Date				Immediately after the Closing of Camelot Merger Agreement
	Number of Approximate Shares		%		Number of Approximate Shares		%
Kingsoft Corporation		1,423,246,584		37.40%		1,423,246,584		30.62%
Xiaomi Corporation		449,701,000		11.82%		449,701,000		9.68%
Relevant Camelot Shareholders(1)		213,137,581		5.60%		1,055,202,402(2)		22.71%
Other shareholders		1,719,199,636		45.18%		1,719,199,636		36.99%
Total		3,805,284,801		100.00%		4,647,349,622		100.00%

Notes:

(1)

Please refer to Note 1 under table headed “(a) Based on High-end Assumed Price of USD34.96 and exchange rate of RMB6.6981 to USD1.00” in this section above.

(2)

Including new issuance of holdback Shares with an aggregate USD equivalent amount of approximately RMB190 million to be issued to the Camelot Founders, representing approximately 166,208,514 Shares based on Low-end Assumed Price of USD2.56, representing approximately 3.58% of the issued share capital of the Company Immediately after the Closing of Camelot Merger Agreement. The Listing Document

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(c)

Based on Mid-point Assumed Price of USD18.76 and exchange rate of RMB6.6981 to USD1.00

	As at the Latest Practicable Date				Immediately after the Closing of Camelot Merger Agreement
	Number of Approximate Shares		%		Number of Approximate Shares		%
Kingsoft Corporation		1,423,246,584		37.40%		1,423,246,584		36.31%
Xiaomi Corporation		449,701,000		11.82%		449,701,000		11.47%
Relevant Camelot Shareholders(1)		213,137,581		5.60%		328,046,213(2)		8.37%
Other shareholders		1,719,199,636		45.18%		1,719,199,636		43.85%
Total		3,805,284,801		100.00%		3,920,193,433		100.00%

Notes:

(1)

Please refer to Note 1 under table headed “(a) Based on High-end Assumed Price of USD34.96 and exchange rate of RMB6.6981 to USD1.00” in this section above.

(2)

Including new issuance of holdback Shares with an aggregate USD equivalent amount of approximately RMB190 million to be issued to the Camelot Founders, representing approximately 22,680,906 Shares based on Mid-point Assumed Price of USD18.76, representing approximately 0.58% of the issued share capital of the Company Immediately after the Closing of Camelot Merger Agreement.

There can be no assurance of the accuracy or completeness of certain facts, forecasts and other statistics obtained from various government publications, market data providers and other independent third-party sources, including the industry expert reports, contained in the Listing Document.

The Listing Document, particularly the sections headed “Business” and “Industry Overview,” contains information and statistics relating to our industry. Such information and statistics have been derived from third-party reports, either commissioned by us or publicly accessible, and other publicly available sources. We believe that the sources of the information are appropriate sources for such information, and we have taken reasonable care in extracting and reproducing such information. However, we cannot guarantee the quality or reliability of such source materials. The information has not been independently verified by us, the Joint Sponsors or any other party involved in the Introduction, and no representation is given as to its accuracy. Collection methods of such information may be flawed or ineffective, or there may be discrepancies between published information and market practice, which may result in the statistics being inaccurate or not comparable to statistics produced for other economies. You should therefore not place undue reliance on such information. In addition, we cannot assure you that such information is stated or compiled on the same basis or with the same degree of accuracy as similar statistics presented elsewhere. In any event, you should consider carefully the importance placed on such information or statistics.

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The following section sets forth new information and statistics relating to the industry in which we operate. Such information and statistics were extracted from different official government publications, available sources from public market research, and other sources from independent suppliers. In addition, we engaged Frost & Sullivan for preparing the Frost & Sullivan Report, an independent industry report. Such information and statistics are incorporated by reference into the registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333- 260181) filed with the SEC on October 12, 2021.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

The Company commissioned Frost & Sullivan, an independent market research and consulting company, to conduct an analysis of the cloud service industries in China as well as all over the world.

Frost & Sullivan is an independent global consulting firm, founded in 1961 in New York. It offers industry research and market strategies and provides growth consulting and corporate training. It has over 40 offices worldwide with over 2,000 industry consultants, market research analysts and economists. We are contracted to pay a fee of RMB700,000 to Frost & Sullivan in connection with the preparation of the F&S Report.

During the preparation of the market research report, Frost & Sullivan performed both (i) primary research, which involved in-depth interviews with leading industry participants and industry experts; and (ii) secondary research, which involved review of company reports, independent research reports and data based on Frost & Sullivan’s own research database. Projected data was obtained from historical data analysis plotted against macroeconomic data with reference to specific industry-related factors. Unless otherwise noted, all of the data and forecasts contained in this section are derived from the F&S Report, various official government publications and other publications. The F&S Report was compiled based on the following assumptions: (i) China’s economy is likely to maintain a steady growth in the next decade; (ii) China’s social, economic and political environment is likely to remain stable in the forecast period from 2021 to 2026, which ensures the stable and healthy development of the China’s cloud service industries; and (iii) COVID-19 pandemic will affect the global economy stability in the short term. Our Directors confirm that after taking reasonable care, there has been no material adverse change in the overall market information since the date of the F&S Report that would materially qualify, contradict or have an impact on such information. The reliability of the F&S Report may be affected by the accuracy of the foregoing assumptions and factors.

INTRODUCTION OF CLOUD SERVICE

Cloud services offer on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing and storage IT resources which can be readily deployed and easily scaled. It is one of the world’s fastest growing IT industries, according to Frost & Sullivan, with a growth CAGR of 20.8% from 2017 to 2021. As the world is marching towards the era of digital transformation, cloudization, which refers to the process of cloud adoption, becomes an inevitable process for enterprises and organizations. According to Frost & Sullivan, the market size of global cloud service increased from US$260.2 billion in 2017 to US$554.8 billion in 2021 and will further reach US$1,168.5 billion in 2026. With the benefits of cloudization continuing to manifest in different industries, the cloud service market is expected to continue its strong growth in the future.

Historically, enterprises invested in in-house IT infrastructure and equipment to support the growing needs for computing, storage and delivery resources. However, these traditional IT models created massive complexity, cost, technical debt, and a tangled web of dependencies for enterprises. In recent years, with the trending of digital transformation, the enterprise-level technology industry has undergone a massive transition from in-house hardware and software to on-demand cloud services. This transition is driven by a wide variety of benefits that cloud service offers, compared with the traditional IT model:

•

Cost reduction. Cloud services significantly reduce enterprises’ upfront capital expenditures and ongoing expenses for purchasing, installing, maintaining, and upgrading their own IT infrastructure. Instead of hiring, training, and managing professional staff that operate and maintain IT models,

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enterprises can entrust these tasks to professional cloud services providers and enjoy instant, reliable, and cost-efficient services on a pay-as-you-go basis.

•

Agility, scalability and reliability. Enterprises’ storage and computing demand varies from time to time as they proceed to different development stages. Cloud services allow enterprises to scale up or down their capacity in response to their demands flexibly and timely. Instead of upgrading or downgrading their own IT infrastructure, which may be time- and cost-consuming, enterprises can rely on cloud service providers for ready-to-use cloud capacity that fulfills their varying commercial needs. Underpinned by the latest and secured IT resources, cloud service providers deliver consistent and reliable high-performance services with added benefits on data protection and disaster recovery.

•

Technological innovation. Cloud technology is a new approach to create and build next generation applications, unlocking the potential for solutions that traditional IT models cannot offer, including big data analytics, machine learning, edge computing and beyond.

OVERVIEW OF THE U.S. AND CHINA’S CLOUD SERVICE MARKET

The cloud service market has been undergoing strong and steady growth since 2014 with the U.S. being the largest market and China replacing European Union becoming the second largest market in the world since 2018, according to Frost & Sullivan.

Compared to the U.S. cloud service market, the Chinese market is still at an relatively early stage with tremendous potential, given its relatively lower cloud service penetration rate and multi-cloud deployment rate and, as a result, its smaller market size. According to Frost & Sullivan, the size of U.S. cloud services market increased from US$153.8 billion in 2017 to US$372.7 billion in 2021, representing a CAGR of 24.8%, and is expected to reach US$950.5 billion in 2026, representing a CAGR of 20.6% from 2021 to 2026. The Chinese market size increased from US$12.7 billion in 2017 to US$45.4 billion in 2021, representing a CAGR of 37.5%, and is expected to reach US$120.0 billion in 2026, representing a CAGR of 21.4% from 2021 to 2026. While the cloud services as a percentage of total IT spending in the U.S. was 12.1% and 22.1% in 2017 and 2021, respectively, and is expected to reach 39.3% in 2026, the same percentage in China was 3.6%, 9.7%, respectively, and is expected to reach 21.1% in 2026.

The below chart shows the market size and penetration rate of cloud service in the U.S. and China:

Source: Frost & Sullivan Report

Driven by the need to prevent data loss and downtime due to localized component failure in a single cloud, to ensure continued high-quality performance, to reduce latency by geographical distribution of

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processing requests and to minimize the dependency on a single cloud service provider, and in light of the evolving regulatory environment, multi-cloud deployment becomes an essential trend in China. In 2021, while 87.9% of enterprises with over 1,000 employees deployed multi-cloud in the U.S., only 48.7% of those in China were doing the same. China’s multi-cloud deployment rate is expected to further increase to 70.0% in 2026, approaching that in the U.S., being expected at 93.1%.

Source: Frost & Sullivan Report

Note: Multi-cloud deployment rate is calculated among enterprises with over 1,000 employees.

According to Frost & Sullivan, the key difference between the cloud service markets of China and the U.S. in development is the maturity level of IT infrastructure. While the U.S. developed its cloud service market with a first mover advantage, building on its relatively mature IT infrastructure with low telecommunication costs, high network penetration, high broadband penetration, and advanced R&D integration, China started to construct its IT infrastructure and cloud service market simultaneously at a relatively later stage with a higher demand for dedicated and local cloud deployment. However, as cloud service markets in both the U.S. and China are driven by fast development of the internet industry and digital transformation of enterprises (initially internet enterprises, currently also traditional enterprises and public service organizations), the two cloud service markets present certain similarities:

•

Cloud infrastructure businesses, such as computing and storage, are the primary business of leading cloud services companies in the U.S. and China, with similar growth rates and long-term steady-state margins.

•

Public cloud contributes the bulk of growth, with an overall trend towards multi-cloud deployments.

•

The scale of dedicated deployment of cloud service continues to grow as traditional industries deepen their digital transformation, becoming a focus for cloud service providers.

•

Leading cloud service vendors have accumulated their market shares, and are expected to continue to acquire market shares, especially for public cloud.

CHINA’S CLOUD SERVICE MARKET

According to Frost & Sullivan, based on the industries and verticals of customers, China’s cloud service market could be divided into (i) services for internet enterprises, or internet cloud service market, and (ii) services for non-internet enterprises, mainly traditional enterprises and organizations.

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China’s Internet Cloud Service Market

Internet cloud refers to cloud services provided to internet companies, including video, gaming, e-commerce, collaborative office automation and others. The massive data demand of the internet industry is one of the main drivers of China’s cloud service market. The internet enterprises adopt cloud services early, and the percentage of companies choosing cloud service is higher than that of other industries. The cloud service penetration in enterprises is measured by the number of enterprises that have implemented cloud service (either private or public) divided by the total number of enterprises.

The internet cloud service market in China grew from RMB25.0 billion in 2017 to RMB89.3 billion in 2021, with a CAGR of 37.5%. With the increasing number of internet companies adopting cloud services and the growing expenditure on cloud computing, the internet cloud service market in China is expected to reach RMB178.6 billion in 2026, representing a CAGR of 14.9% from 2021 to 2026.

The following chart sets forth the market size and growth of China’s internet cloud service market and its sub-sectors:

Source: Frost& Sullivan Report

Note: Due to rounding, numbers may not add up precisely to the totals.

China’s Non-internet Cloud Service Market

Non-internet cloud service mainly refers to the utilization of cloud technology to aid traditional non-internet enterprises and organizations in carrying out digital transformation. Due to their complicated operation structure and process, they generally have higher demand for compatibility, reliability, privacy, and security on cloud products with dedicated services and customized local deployment.

Since 2015, the State Council of the People’s Republic of China and Ministry of Industry and Information of the People’s Republic of China have published various policies and instructions to facilitate cloud technology and cloudization in China, especially for traditional enterprises and organizations. Following the deepening process of digital transformation, cloud technology continues to integrate with the daily operations of traditional enterprises and organizations, and the adoption of dedicated services provided by cloud vendors evolved as an inevitable trend for their digital transformation. To seize the opportunities of this trend, cloud service providers must be able to migrate, build, manage, and operate the exclusive cloud service

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in multiple regions for traditional clients and to satisfy their strong demand for data security and advanced technical support. As China’s non-internet enterprises start to embrace cloudization, cloud service providers with dedicated and full-stack deployment capacity have become customers’ primary choice.

In 2021, the cloud service penetration rate among non-internet enterprises in China was only 26.8%, as compared to 93.5% among internet enterprises. As traditional non-internet industries, such as public services, financial services, manufacturing, and healthcare, start to tap into the agility, flexibility and scalability of cloud service, the massive demand further drives the development of the non-internet cloud service market. The market size increased from RMB61.0 billion in 2017 to RMB203.9 billion in 2021, representing a CAGR of 35.2%, and is expected to reach RMB565.6 billion in 2026, representing a CAGR of 22.6% from 2021 to 2026.

The following chart sets forth the market size and growth of China’s non-internet cloud service market and its sub-sectors:

Source: Frost & Sullivan Report

Note: Due to rounding, numbers may not add up precisely to the totals.

China’s Public Cloud Service Market

Public cloud is a crucial part of China’s overall cloud service market and has been experiencing significant growth since 2014, primarily due to the rapid growth and expansion of Chinese internet enterprises. According to Frost & Sullivan, it is one of the fastest growing cloud service markets in the world in terms of market growth CAGR from 2017 to 2021. The market size of public cloud in China has increased from RMB35.6 billion in 2017 to RMB155.0 billion in 2021, representing a CAGR of 44.4%, and is expected to reach RMB373.0 billion in 2026, representing a CAGR of 19.2% from 2021 to 2026.

The public cloud service market can be further divided into three sub-sectors, namely Infrastructure-as-a-Service (“IaaS”), Platform-as-a-Service (“PaaS”) and Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”). China’s cloud service market is still fast growing with tremendous number of enterprises migrating from traditional IT models to cloud services. As a result, IaaS has experienced significant growth in the past few years and forms the largest part of the public cloud service market in China. Looking forward, as enterprises demand higher level of digital transformation services, essential demand for IT infrastructure and IaaS remain as a main growth driver of China’s public cloud service market. Leading IaaS players, leveraging their extensive infrastructure,

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advanced cloud technology, and transferrable customer base, are better positioned to extend their spectrum of services to PaaS market and the above application layers.

The following chart sets forth the market size and growth of China’s public cloud service market and its sub-sectors:

Source: Frost & Sullivan Report

Note: Due to rounding, numbers may not add up precisely to the totals.

KEY GROWTH DRIVERS OF CHINA’S CLOUD SERVICE MARKET

The following factors are expected to drive the development and growth of China’s cloud service market, according to Frost & Sullivan.

•

Massive, high-growth demand from internet verticals. The internet penetration has been increasing in China, with an increasing number of mobile users. A wide spectrum of business is transforming themselves to offer internet-based services to their customers. In particular, verticals such as video, gaming, and e-commerce have been rising, driving further demand for cloud resources. Demands for internet cloud services in these verticals are expected to continue to grow in the future.

•

Increasing penetration in traditional enterprises and organizations. Cloud service penetration is expected to increase in traditional enterprises and organizations. Customers in traditional industries in China are starting to recognize the benefit of cloud services and are incentivized to migrate to the cloud given the advantages of cost-saving, security and productivity. According to Frost & Sullivan, in 2021, while 56.7% of traditional enterprises and organizations in the U.S. were using cloud services, only 26.8% of those in China were doing the same. As digital transformation continues in traditional industries such as healthcare, manufacturing and automobile, cloud service providers in China are well positioned to seize the significant opportunities brought by the migration to cloud of traditional enterprises and organizations. Notably, China’s automotive industry is booming demand for cloud services, with the increasing cloud service penetration in automobile manufacturing, autonomous driving, and R&D. According to Frost & Sullivan, the market size of China’s cloud service market by intelligent automotive industry was RMB1.8 billion in 2021 and will reach RMB36.2 billion in 2026, representing a CAGR of 81.7% from 2021 to 2026.

•

The large-scale launching of new technologies like 5G, AI, VR/AR and IoT. The deployment of 5G technology provides internet and mobile users with significantly higher transmission speed and

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considerable reduction of latency. Such improvement empowers the wide adoption of AI applications by enabling the large amount of data computing and processing involved in the development of deep learning and application of AI functions to terminal devices. Together, the new technologies become the driving force for IoT as they allow fast data transmission, elastic computing resource, great interconnectivity and control of devices, therefore creating demand for cloud services.

•

Requirement for dedicated industry specific cloud services. Chinese enterprises have strong demand for cloud products with dedicated services. As cloud service vendors start to provide customized and full-stack cloud deployment, a higher demand of vertical-specific cloud services has evolved. Sophisticated vertical-specific cloud solutions that can serve clients’ requirement from IaaS, PaaS to higher application cloud layers, with full-stack, stable, flexible, dedicated, and local customized local cloud deployment capacity will continuously capture the market.

•

Favorable government policies for the development of cloud services. The Chinese government has prioritized the development of cloud services in recent years, according to Frost & Sullivan. Since the beginning of the 12th Five-Year Plan (2010-2015), a huge amount of investment has been made in cloud service industry, and is expected to further increase during the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025). In 2019, the Chinese government promoted the concept of Internet Plus public service, encouraging public service organizations to adopt cloud services in their digital transformation, which once again recognized the strategic importance of cloud services to China’s economy. For example, the Digital Economy Development Plan in the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025) encouraged to develop data-center clusters, carry out collaborative construction between data centers, cloud computing and big data, and bridge the gap between eastern and western regions in computing resources, and the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 promoted to accelerate the iterative upgrade of cloud operating systems, promote ultra-large-scale distributed storage, elastic computing, data virtual isolation and other technological innovations to improve the level of cloud security.

•

Higher requirement on data compliance, data loss prevention, and non-conflict of interest. Policies such as Cybersecurity Review Measures promulgated by the CAC and several other PRC governmental authorities in December 2021, and officially implemented in February 2022, have accelerated enterprises’ increasing adoption of cloud applications to fulfill the core demands of data compliance and security, expanding the deployment of cloud services to a wider range of industries in China. Meanwhile, requirement on neutrality and data loss prevention will further drive the market through increasing needs for dedicated and multi-cloud deployment.

•

Demand for internet infrastructure construction. With the continuous optimization of network infrastructure construction to support enterprises’ internet related development, more cloud applications are in turn to be involved. In 2018, the Central Economic Work Conference firstly promoted the New Infrastructure Construction to facilitate the development of IT infrastructure including cloud computing. In December 2021, the Chinese government released the Digital Economy Development Plan in the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025) to enhance the construction of digital infrastructure to achieve the world’s leading level. These policies and investments will further stimulate the growth of China’s cloud service market.

•

Accelerated digitalization amid COVID-19. Since 2020, the global outbreak of COVID-19 has fundamentally transformed the way people live and the way enterprises operate. The pandemic accelerates the digital transformation and therefore facilitates enterprises to prioritize their IT expenditure on cloud services. As a result, a faster than expected trend of offline to online deployment emerged among enterprises will further accelerate the development of the cloud service market.

•

Overseas expansion. As Chinese enterprises tap into overseas markets, cloud network and infrastructure will expand globally as well. Given the relatively intense competition environment in the U.S. and Chinese market, emerging markets become the new focus of Chinese enterprises’ overseas expansion, representing significant growth potentials for cloud service providers in China.

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COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

With the presence of a few major players, the cloud service market in China is relatively concentrated. The total market size by revenue of cloud services in China reached RMB293.3 billion in 2021. The aggregate market share of the top seven players in China’s cloud service market was 53.0% in 2021. Among all the players, Kingsoft Cloud ranked the fourth largest cloud service provider in China with a market share of 3.1%.

Source: Frost & Sullivan Report

Notes:

(1)

Company A, headquartered in Hangzhou, is a leading technology company specializing in retail, consumer services and technology solutions. Its cloud business primarily consists of cloud computing solutions providing based on cloud server, cloud database, and cloud storage. Company A is the cloud business unit of a company listed on New York Stock Exchange and Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

(2)

Company B, headquartered in Shenzhen, is a leading technology company that provides internet-related services and solutions that cover areas including entertainment, artificial intelligence and other technologies. Its cloud sector mainly includes cloud computing, big data and industry-specific solutions. Company B is the cloud business unit of a company listed on Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

(3)

Company C, headquartered in Shenzhen, is a leading technology company which primarily designs, develops and sells telecommunication solutions and consumer electronics. Its cloud segment mostly provides products including elastic cloud server, cloud database, and scenario-based solutions.

(4)

Company D, headquartered in Beijing, is a leading telecommunication company. Its cloud business principally offers cloud computing services including cloud hosting, CDN, big data, and industry-based solutions. Company D is the cloud business unit of a company listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange and Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

(5)

Company E, headquartered in Beijing, is a leading internet platform specializing in internet-related services and AI solutions. Its cloud segment mostly focuses on cloud computing and provides services related to cloud server, cloud hosting, cloud storage, and CDN. Company E is listed on Nasdaq and Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

(6)

Company F, headquartered in the U.S., is a leading technology company specializing in retail, consumer services and on-demand technology services, including compute, storage, database, analytics, machine learning, and other services. Its cloud business chiefly offers cloud computing and cloud-based solutions. Company F is the cloud business unit of a company listed on Nasdaq.

In terms of public cloud service, Kingsoft Cloud ranked the top five largest public cloud service provider with the second fastest public cloud revenue CAGR and increasing market share from 2019 to 2021, according to Frost & Sullivan. In 2021, the market size of China’s public cloud reached RMB155.0 billion. The aggregate market share of the top seven players in China’s public cloud service market in terms of revenue was 66.0% in 2021. Among all the players, Kingsoft Cloud ranked the fifth largest public cloud service provider with a market share of 4.0% in 2021.

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Source: Frost & Sullivan Report

In terms of total cloud service revenue CAGR from 2019 to 2021, Kingsoft Cloud ranked as the second, with a CAGR of 51.3% among major leading cloud service providers in China.

Source: Frost & Sullivan Report

In terms of public cloud service revenue CAGR from 2019 to 2021, Kingsoft Cloud also ranked as the second, with a CAGR of 33.4% among major leading public cloud service providers in China.

Source: Frost & Sullivan Report

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KEY ENTRY BARRIERS

Similar to the U.S., the cloud service market in China has been undergoing consolidation. Incumbents have established significant competitive advantages against potential entrants. According to Frost & Sullivan, key entry barriers include:

•

Ability to serve enterprise customers and enhance customer stickiness. Scaled players have built the capability to serve enterprise customers which are generally sticky. The capability is continuously underpinned by knowledge of client industry, premium service delivery, advanced technology, and extensive infrastructure qualification. Enterprises are likely to stick with their existing cloud service provider and increase procurement as business grows to avoid potentially significant transfer and adaption costs associated with changing cloud service providers.

•

Capacity to provide in-house cloud-native technology and solutions. Cloud-native technology is one of the core entry barriers of the industry. The ability to provide cloud native services with in-house products and solutions has become increasingly important to acquire customers. Companies that are well armed with cloud-native technology to provide tailor-made in-house cloud solutions to its clients will continuously win the market.

•

First-mover advantage. Incumbents of the cloud service market have accumulated valuable technology and industry know-how, constructed well-developed cloud infrastructures and gained customer relationships, brand value, product capabilities and business scale, which takes years to build. New and potential entrants have difficulties in building the scale in a short period of time.

•

Technology know-how. The cloud service market is heavily technology-based. Equipped with most of the talented personnel, technology know-how, patents and operational excellence, incumbents have built technology moats against potential entrants.

•

Industry know-how. Demand for vertical-specific cloud services has evolved as one of the key growth drivers of China’s cloud service market. Experienced cloud service providers with in-depth view of specific verticals are better positioned to capture this opportunity and to optimize customer experiences by providing dedicated industry specific cloud services, compared with new entrants.

•

High capital investment. Economies of scale are one of the main characteristics of the cloud service industry. The cloud service market requires large upfront capital investment to construct cloud infrastructures, to build research and development capability, and to expand sales channels. This requisite significantly weakens the competitiveness of smaller players in the cloud service market. IaaS cloud business requires significant upfront investment in infrastructure and network resources, which had a relatively long ramp-up period. Moreover, in the past few years there had been intensive competition, including competitive pricing, in China’s cloud market. Therefore the breakeven period for IaaS cloud service providers is typically over 12 years, according to Frost & Sullivan.

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REGULATIONS

The following section sets forth updated information concerning certain regulations to which we are subject subsequent to our 2021 20-F filed with the SEC on May 2, 2022, and is incorporated by reference into the registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333- 260181) filed with the SEC on October 12, 2021.

REGULATIONS RELATING TO PRIVACY PROTECTION

In recent years, PRC government authorities have enacted laws and regulations on internet use to protect personal information from any unauthorized disclosure. The Cybersecurity Law imposes certain data protection obligations on network operators, including that network operators may not disclose, tamper with, or damage the personal information that they have collected, or provide the personal information to others without obtaining consent from the persons whose information is collected. Moreover, network operators are obligated to delete unlawfully collected information and to amend incorrect information.

The Several Provisions on Regulating the Market Order of Internet Information Services (《規範互聯網信息服務市場秩序若干規定》), issued by the MIIT on December 29, 2011 and effective on March 15, 2012, stipulate that internet information service providers may not collect any user personal information or provide any such information to third parties without the consent of a user, unless otherwise stipulated by laws and administrative regulations. “User Personal information”is defined as information relevant to the users that can lead to the recognition of the identity of the users independently or in combination with other information. An internet information service provider must expressly inform the users of the method, content and purpose of the collection and processing of such user personal information and may only collect such information as necessary for the provision of its services. An internet information service provider is also required to properly store user personal information, and in case of any leak or likely leak of the user personal information, the internet information service provider must take immediate remedial measures and, in severe circumstances, make an immediate report to the telecommunications regulatory authority.

Pursuant to the Decision on Strengthening the Protection of Online Information (《關於加強網絡信息保護的決定》), issued by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress in 2012, and the Order for the Protection of Telecommunication and Internet User Personal Information (《電信和互聯網用戶個人信息保護規定》), issued by the MIIT in 2013, any collection and use of a user’s personal information must abide by the principles of legality, rationality and necessity, explicitly state the purpose, manners and scopes of the information collection and uses, obtain the consent of the user and shall not violate the provisions of laws, regulations and the agreement with the users. An internet information service provider must also keep such information strictly confidential, and is further prohibited from divulging, tampering or destroying any such information, or selling or providing such information to other parties. An internet information service provider is required to take technical and any other measures necessary to prevent the collected personal information from any unauthorized disclosure, damage or loss. Any violation of these laws and regulations may subject the internet information service provider to warnings, fines, confiscation of illegal gains, revocation of licenses, cancelation of filings, closedown of websites or even criminal liabilities.

Pursuant to the Notice of the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security on Legally Punishing Criminal Activities Infringing upon the Personal Information of Citizens (《最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部關於依法懲處侵害公民個人信息犯罪活動的通知》) issued and effective on April 23, 2013 and the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on Several Issues regarding Legal Application in Criminal Cases Infringing upon the Personal Information of Citizens (《最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院關於辦理侵犯公民個人信息刑事案件適用法律若干問題的解釋》) issued on May 8, 2017 and effective on June 1, 2017, the following activities may constitute the crime of infringing upon a citizen’s personal information: (i) providing a citizen’s personal information to specified persons or releasing a citizen’s personal information online or through other methods in violation of relevant national provisions; (ii) providing legitimately collected information relating to a citizen to others without such citizen’s consent (unless the information is processed, not traceable to a specific person and not recoverable); (iii) collecting a citizen’s personal information in violation of applicable

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rules and regulations when performing a duty or providing services; or (iv) collecting a citizen’s personal information by purchasing, accepting or exchanging such information in violation of applicable rules and regulations.

With respect to the security of information collected and used by mobile apps, pursuant to the Announcement of Conducting Special Supervision against the Illegal Collection and Use of Personal Information by Apps (《關於開展App違法違規收集使用個人信息專項治理的公告》), which was issued by the CAC, the MIIT, the Ministry of Public Security, and the SAMR on January 23, 2019, app operators shall collect and use personal information in compliance with the Cybersecurity Law and shall be responsible for the security of personal information obtained from users and take effective measures to strengthen personal information protection. Furthermore, app operators shall not force their users to make authorization by means of default, bundling, suspending installation or use of the app or other similar means and shall not collect personal information in violation of laws, regulations or breach of user agreements. Such regulatory requirements were emphasized by the Notice on the Special Rectification of Apps Infringing upon User’s Personal Rights and Interests (《關於開展APP侵害用戶權益專項整治工作的通知》) issued by MIIT on October 31, 2019. On November 28, 2019, the CAC, the MIIT, the Ministry of Public Security and the SAMR jointly issued the Methods of Identifying Illegal Acts of Apps to Collect and Use Personal Information (《App違法違規收集使用個人信息行為認定方法》). This regulation further illustrates certain common illegal practices of app operators in terms of personal information protection and specifies acts of app operators that will be considered as “collection and use of personal information without users’ consent”.

On May 28, 2020, the National People’s Congress adopted the Civil Code (《民法典》), which came into effect on January 1, 2021. Pursuant to the Civil Code, the personal information of a natural person shall be protected by the law. Any organization or individual shall legally obtain such personal information of others when necessary and ensure the safety of such information, and shall not illegally collect, store, use, process or transmit personal information of others, or illegally provide or disclose personal information of others. Personal information of natural persons refers to all kinds of information recorded by electronic or otherwise that can be used to independently identify or be combined with other information to identify the natural persons’ names, date of birth, ID numbers, biometric information, addresses, telephone numbers, e-mail addresses, health information, whereabouts, etc. The Civil Code revised the internet tort liability and further elaborated on “safe harbour” rule with respect to an internet service provider from both the aspects of notice and counter notice, including (i) upon receiving notice from the right holder that any network users infringe on his/her civil rights, promptly adopting necessary protective measures such as deletion, screening or disconnection of hyperlinks and referring right holders’ notice to disputed internet user; and (ii) upon receiving counter-notice from the disputed internet user, referring such counter-notice to the claiming right holder and informing him/her to take other corresponding measures such as filing complaint with competent authorities or suit with courts. The Civil Code also provides that where the internet service provider knew or should have known the infringing acts of the network user but take no necessary measures, it shall be jointly and severally liable with such internet user.

On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law (《中華人民共和國個人信息保護法》), which took effect on November 1, 2021. Pursuant to the Personal Information Protection Law, “personal information” refers to any kind of information related to an identified or identifiable individual as electronically or otherwise recorded but excluding the anonymized information. The processing of personal information includes the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure and deletion of personal information. The Personal Information Protection Law applies to the processing of personal information of individuals within the territory of the PRC, as well as personal information processing activities outside the territory of PRC, for the purpose of providing products or services to natural persons located within China, for analyzing or evaluating the behaviors of natural persons located within China, or for other circumstances as prescribed by laws and administrative regulations. A personal information processor may process the personal information of this individual only under the following circumstances: (i) where consent is obtained from the individual; (ii) where it is necessary for the execution or performance of a contract to which the individual is a party, or where it is necessary for carrying out human resource management pursuant to employment rules

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legally adopted or a collective contract legally concluded; (iii) where it is necessary for performing a statutory responsibility or statutory obligation; (iv) where it is necessary in response to a public health emergency, or for protecting the life, health or property safety of a natural person in the case of an emergency; (v) where the personal information is processed within a reasonable scope to carry out any news reporting, supervision by public opinions or any other activity for public interest purposes; (vi) where the personal information, which has already been disclosed by an individual or otherwise legally disclosed, is processed within a reasonable scope; or (vii) any other circumstance as provided by laws or administrative regulations. In principle, the consent of an individual must be obtained for the processing of his or her personal information, except under the circumstances of the aforementioned items (ii) to (vii). Where personal information is to be processed based on the consent of an individual, such consent shall be a voluntary and explicit indication of intent given by such individual on a fully informed basis. If laws or administrative regulations provide that the processing of personal information shall be subject to the separate consent or written consent of the individual concerned, such provisions shall prevail. In addition, the processing of the personal information of a minor under 14 years old must obtain the consent by a parent or a guardian of such minor and the personal information processors must adopt special rules for processing personal information of minors under 14 years old. Furthermore, the Personal Information Protection Law stipulates the rules for cross-border provision of personal information. Any cross-border provision of personal information is subject to the condition that it is necessary to provide the personal information to a recipient outside the territory of the PRC due to any business need or any other need, as well as the satisfaction of at least one of the following conditions: (i) where a security assessment organized by the national cyberspace administration has been passed; (ii) where a certification of personal information protection has been passed from a professional institution in accordance with the provisions issued by the national cyberspace administration; (iii) where a standard contract formulated by the national cyberspace administration has been entered into with the overseas recipient; or (iv) any other condition prescribed by laws, administrative regulations or any other requirements by the national cyberspace administration. Critical information infrastructure operators and personal information processors who have processed personal information in an amount reaching a threshold prescribed by the national cyberspace administration, must store in the territory of the PRC the personal information collected or generated within the territory of the PRC. If it is necessary to provide such information to an overseas recipient, a security assessment organized by the national cyberspace administration must be passed. Violation of the Personal Information Protection Law may be subject to an order to rectify, warnings, confiscation of illegal gains, fines, suspension of business and revocation of business licenses or operating permits, and the app processing the personal information illegally may be ordered to suspend or terminate the provision of services, and the personnel directly in charge or other directly responsible personnel may be imposed with fines, and be prohibited to serve as the directors, supervisors, senior management personnel or the personnel in charge of the protection of personal information in the relevant entities within a certain period.

REGULATIONS RELATED TO GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT AND BIDDING

Pursuant to the Government Procurement Law of the People’s Republic of China (《中華人民共和國政府採購法》) promulgated on June 29, 2002 and recently amended on August 31, 2014, public invitation for bids shall be taken as the main method of government procurement. Government procurement refers to the procurement of goods, projects and services within the centralized procurement catalogue formulated in accordance with the law by state organs at all levels, public institutions and social organizations with fiscal funds or above the prescribed procurement threshold. Furthermore, the parties concerned in government procurement shall not collude with each other to impair the rights and interests of the state or the general public or the other parties concerned and shall not exclude the competitions of other providers by any means.

Pursuant to the Bidding Law of the People’s Republic of China (《中華人民共和國招標投標法》) promulgated on August 30, 1999 and recently amended on December 27, 2017, bidding shall be carried out for construction projects including the survey, design, construction, supervision of the project, and the procurement of the important equipment, materials relevant to the construction of the project: (i) large projects of infrastructure facility or public utility that have a bearing on the social public interest and the safety of the general public; (ii) projects entirely or partially using state-owned funds or loans by the state; (iii) projects using loans of international organizations and foreign governments and aid funds. For a project

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concerned with national security, state secrets, emergency handling, disaster relief, or special occasions such as the use of poverty alleviation funds to implement work relief and the need to use migrant workers or that is not suitable for bidding, the method of bidding shall not be applied.

REGULATIONS RELATED TO ANTI-UNFAIR COMPETITION

Anti-unfair Competition Law

Pursuant to the Anti-unfair Competition Law of the People’s Republic of China (《中華人民共和國反不正當競爭法》) which was promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China on September 2, 1993 and most recently amended on April 23, 2019, unfair competition refers to that in its production and operating activities, the operator disrupts the market competition order and damages the legitimate rights and interests of other operators or consumers in violation of the provisions of the Anti-unfair Competition Law. Pursuant to the Anti-unfair Competition Law, operators shall abide by the principle of voluntariness, equality, impartiality, integrity, and adhere to laws and business ethics during market transactions. Operators shall not conduct misleading behaviors which may confuse consumers to take their commodities as the commodities of others or lead consumers to believe that there is a connection between their commodities and other persons. Operators shall not conduct any false or misleading commercial publicity in respect of the performance, functions, quality, sales, user reviews, and honors received of its commodities, in order to defraud or mislead consumers. Operators shall not help other operators to conduct false or misleading commercial publicity by organizing false transactions. Operators shall not infringe on trade secrets. Operators shall not fabricate or disseminate false or misleading information or damage the business reputation of the competitors or their goods. Operators engaging in production or operating activities online shall also abide by the provisions of the Anti-unfair Competition Law. No operator may, by technical means to affect users’ options, among others, commit the acts of interfering with or sabotaging the normal operation of online products or services legally provided by another operator. Operators in violation of the Anti-unfair Competition Law shall bear corresponding civil, administrative or criminal responsibilities depending on the specific circumstances.

On August 17, 2021, the SAMR issued a discussion draft of Provisions on the Prohibition of Unfair Competition on the Internet (《禁止網絡不正當競爭行為規定(公開徵求意見稿)》), under which business operators shall not use data or algorithms to hijack traffic or influence users’ choices, or use technical means to illegally capture or use other business operators’ data. Furthermore, business operators are not allowed to (i) fabricate or spread misleading information to damage the reputation of competitors, or (ii) make false or misleading commercial propaganda about the sales status, transaction information, business data, user evaluation, etc. in respect of the operators or their commodities, in order to deceive or mislead consumers or the relevant public.

Anti-monopoly Law

Pursuant to the Anti-monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China (《中華人民共和國反壟斷法》) promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China on August 30, 2007, the Anti-Monopoly Law applies to the monopolistic practices in domestic economic activities in China as well as the monopolistic practices outside China which have exclusion or restriction effects on domestic market competitions. The monopolistic practices under the Anti-Monopoly Law include any monopoly agreement reached by any operators, abuse of market-dominating position by any operators and any concentration of operators which has eliminated or limited or may eliminate or limit the market competition. The anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies designated by the State Council are responsible for enforcement of the Anti-Monopoly Law. Specifically, competing business operators may not enter into monopoly agreements that eliminate or restrict competition, such as by boycotting transactions, fixing or changing the price of commodities, limiting the output of commodities, dividing the sales markets or the raw material supply markets, unless the agreement will satisfy the exemptions under the Anti-monopoly Law, such as improving technologies, increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of small and medium-sized undertakings, or safeguarding legitimate interests in cross-border trade and economic cooperation with foreign counterparts; or else such operator might be subject to the order of ceasing the illegal activities, confiscation of illegal gains

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and fines (from 1% to 10% of sales revenue from the previous year, or RMB500,000 if the intended monopoly agreement has not been performed). The term “monopoly agreements” refers to agreement, decisions or other concerted activities that may eliminate or restrict competition. Furthermore, any business operator with a dominant market position may not abuse its dominant market position to conduct acts, such as selling commodities at unfairly high prices or purchasing commodities at unfairly low prices, selling products at prices below cost without any justifiable cause, and refusing to trade with a trading party without any justifiable cause. Violations of the foregoing provisions might subject such operator to being ordered to cease the relevant activities and confiscation of the illegal gains and fines (from 1% to 10% of sales revenue from the previous year). Additionally, where a concentration of undertakings reaches the declaration threshold stipulated by the State Council, a declaration must be approved by the anti-monopoly authority before parties implement the concentration. Concentration refers to (i) a merger of undertakings; (ii) acquiring control over other undertakings by acquiring equities or assets; or (iii) acquisition of control over, or the possibility of exercising decisive influence on, an undertaking by contract or by any other means. If any business operator fails to comply with the mandatory declaration requirement, the anti-monopoly authority is empowered to order the operator to terminate and/or unwind the transaction, dispose of relevant assets, shares or businesses within certain periods and imposes fines of up to RMB500,000.

On June 24, 2022, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China decided to amend the Anti-monopoly Law and the amendment took effect on August 1, 2022. Compared with the Anti-monopoly Law, the amendment further provides that operators shall not abuse data, algorithms, technology, capital advantages and platform rules to engage in monopolistic behaviors as prohibited by the Anti-monopoly Law and further emphasizes that operators with dominant market position shall not abuse their dominant market position by these means. In addition, the amendment increases the fines for illegal conclusion and implementation of monopoly agreements and introduces different fines for illegal concentration of business operators under different circumstances. Specifically, the amendment lifts the upper limit of fines for operators who have concluded but not implemented the monopoly agreements from RMB500,000 to RMB3,000,000 and further provides where an operator who has conclude and implemented the monopoly agreements but has not generated any sales revenue in the previous year might be subject to a fine of not more than RMB5,000,000. As for the illegal concentration, the fines for the operators who engage in the illegal concentration which has or may have the effect of eliminating or restricting competition is not more than 10% of their sales revenue in the previous year and for those which have no eliminating or restricting effect on competition is not more than RMB5,000,000. The amendment also introduces the punitive provisions that the legal representative, principal and directly responsible personnel of the operator who are personally responsible for concluding the monopoly agreement might be subject to a fine of not more than RMB1,000,000.

On September 11, 2020, the Anti-monopoly Commission of the State Council promulgated Anti-monopoly Compliance Guideline for Operators (《經營者反壟斷合規指南》), which requires operators to establish anti-monopoly compliance management systems based on their business conditions, scales, industry characteristics to manage anti-monopoly compliance risks.

On February 7, 2021, the Anti-Monopoly Commission of the State Council published Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for the Internet Platform Economy Sector (《國務院反壟斷委員會關於平台經濟領域的反壟斷指南》) that clarify circumstances where an activity of an internet platform will be identified as concluding and implementing monopoly agreements, conducting the abusive acts as well as the business operators concentration.

On March 24, 2022, the SAMR issued the Interim Provisions on the Prohibitions of Monopoly Agreements ( 《禁止壟斷協議暫行規定》), the Interim Provisions on the Prohibitions of Acts of Abuse of Dominant Market Positions (《禁止濫用市場支配地位行為暫行規定》) and the Interim Provisions on Review of Concentration of Business Operators (《經營者集中審查暫行規定》), all of which took effect on May 1, 2022. The provisions further elaborate on the factors to be taken into consideration when assessing monopoly agreements, abusive acts and concentration of business operators. Besides, the Interim Provisions on the Prohibitions of Acts of abuse of Dominant Market Positions clarify types of factors for consideration of the dominance of operators in the new economic industries like the internet industries, such as, among others, the competition characteristics, business model, number of users, network effects, lock-in effects, ability to master and process relevant data.

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HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND CORPORATE STRUCTURE

The following section sets forth updated and supplemental information relating to selected aspects of our history and corporate structure subsequent to our 2021 Form 20-F filed with the SEC on May 2, 2022, and is incorporated by reference into the registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333‑260181) filed with the SEC on October 12, 2021.

OVERVIEW

Our history can be traced back to 2012 when Kingsoft Corporation established our Company in the Cayman Islands and two wholly-owned subsidiaries of our Group, namely Kingsoft Cloud Corporation Limited and Beijing Kingsoft Cloud to commence operation of the cloud-based business under the leadership of our core management team that comprises seasoned professionals with strong expertise and extensive experience in cloud-based platform and technology. For the biographies and industry experience of our senior management members, please refer to the section headed “Directors and Senior Management” in the Listing Document.

OUR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES

The following table sets forth the key business development milestones of our Group:

Year			Event
2012			Our Company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands as a subsidiary of Kingsoft Group. We commenced business operation upon establishment of Beijing Kingsoft Cloud in the PRC.
2013			We completed our series A financing, in an aggregate amount of approximately US$20 million.
2014			We introduced and implemented our “All in” Cloud strategy.
2015			We extended our customer base to public service organizations on municipal level, including Beijing. We completed our series B financing, in an aggregate amount of approximately US$55 million.
2016			We completed our series C financing and series C+ financing, in an aggregate amount of approximately US$60 million and US$48.9 million, respectively.
2017			We became a member of the Cloud Security Alliance (CSA), a global organization dedicated to defining and raising awareness of best practices to help ensure a secure cloud computing environment.
2018			We were among the first in the industry to offer cloud solutions to financial service providers. We completed our series D financing, in an aggregate amount of approximately US$720 million.
2020			We completed our series D+ financing, in an aggregate amount of approximately US$70 million. We were spun-off from Kingsoft Group and our ADSs are listed on the Nasdaq under the symbol “KC”. We completed our follow-on public offering on the Nasdaq.
2021			We published our first ESG report.
			We acquired the controlling interest in Camelot Group which enables us to benefit from rich industry experience of its management, large customer base and long-standing client relationships and deep vertical know-how with nationwide fulfillment centers.
2022			We attained the TRUSTe Enterprise Privacy & Data Governance Certification, a well-recognized certification for strong data privacy management practices in the industry.
			We made further progress in ESG by enhancing the Board’s overseeing on ESG issues through the Corporate Governance Committee and embracing gender diversity and workplace inclusiveness by appointing Ms. Qu Jingyuan as our first female Director on the Board.

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OUR MAJOR SUBSIDIARIES AND OPERATING ENTITIES

The principal business activities, the place and date of incorporation of the members of our Group that made a material contribution to our results of operation during the Track Record Period are shown below:

Name	Place and date of incorporation	Principal business activities
Zhuhai Kingsoft Cloud(1)	PRC, August 21, 2009	Investment holding
Kingsoft Cloud Network(1)	PRC, March 25, 2011	Cloud services
Nanjing Qianyi(1)	PRC, March 20, 2014	Cloud services
Yunxiang Zhisheng	PRC, December 15, 2015	Research and development
Kingsoft Cloud Information(1)	PRC, April 13, 2018	Investment holding
Beijing Jinxun Ruibo(1)	PRC, December 17, 2015	Cloud services
Wuhan Kingsoft Cloud(1)	PRC, December 26, 2017	Cloud services
Kingsoft Cloud Corporation Limited	Hong Kong, February 1, 2012	Cloud services
Beijing Kingsoft Cloud	PRC, April 9, 2012	Research and development
Kingsoft Cloud Tianjin(1)	PRC, May 30, 2019	Cloud services
Camelot Technology	PRC, March 12, 2001	Enterprise digital solutions and related services

Note:

(1)

We exercise effective control over the operation of these entities through contractual arrangements. Please refer to the section headed “Contractual Arrangements” for further details.

SPIN-OFF FROM KINGSOFT GROUP AND LISTING ON THE NASDAQ

Immediately prior to our listing on the Nasdaq, our Company was a non-wholly owned subsidiary of Kingsoft Corporation, a company listed on the Main Board of the Stock Exchange (stock code: 03888). The spin-off of our Company from the Kingsoft Group for a separate listing of ADSs on the Nasdaq, which constituted a major transaction of Kingsoft Corporation, was approved by its shareholders in March 2020 pursuant to paragraph 3(e)(1) of Practice Note 15 and Chapter 14 of the Listing Rules.

On May 8, 2020, we listed ADSs on the Nasdaq under the symbol “KC”. Our initial public offering on the Nasdaq was completed on May 12, 2020. Pursuant to the initial public offering (the “Nasdaq Offering”), our Company sold 30,000,000 ADSs, representing 450,000,000 Shares at an offering price of US$17.00 per ADS, among which, 1,175,000 and 2,355,000 ADSs representing 17,625,000 and 35,325,000 Shares, were subscribed at the initial public offering price and on the same terms as the other ADSs offered at the initial public offering on the Nasdaq by (i) Kingsoft Corporation and (ii) Xiaomi, for the consideration of US$19,975,000 and US$40,035,000, respectively. Upon completion of the initial public offering, all of our issued and outstanding Preferred Shares were automatically converted into Shares on a one-for-one basis. On May 12, 2020, the underwriters had exercised their over-allotment option to purchase an additional 4,500,000 ADSs, representing 67,500,000 Shares at a price of US$17.00 per ADS.

We received from our initial public offering gross proceeds of approximately US$586.5 million and net proceeds, including the underwriters’ over-allotment option after deducting the underwriting discounts and offering expenses, of approximately US$547.5 million. We intend to utilize the net proceeds from our initial public offering on the Nasdaq for upgrading and expanding our infrastructure, investment in technology and product development, expanding our ecosystem and international presence and for general corporate and working capital purposes as disclosed in our registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the SEC in connection with our initial public offering on the Nasdaq.

On September 23, 2020, we completed a follow-on public offering at a price of US$31.00 per ADS, where (i) we sold 8,000,000 ADSs representing 120,000,000 Shares and (ii) several selling shareholders sold 8,421,576

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ADSs representing 126,323,640 Shares. Additionally, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option to purchase an additional 1,250,000 ADSs representing 18,750,000 Shares on October 30, 2020. We received from this offering gross proceeds of approximately US$286.8 million and net proceeds, including the underwriters’ option, after deducting the underwriting discounts and offering expenses, of approximately US$276.3 million.

COMPLIANCE WITH THE RULES OF NASDAQ

Our Directors confirm that since the date of our listing on the Nasdaq and up to the Latest Practicable Date, we had no instances of non-compliance with the rules of the Nasdaq in any material respect and, to the best knowledge of our Directors having made all reasonable inquiries, there is no matter that should be brought to investors’ attention in relation to our compliance record on the Nasdaq.

REASONS FOR THE LISTING

Our Board is of the view that the Listing will present us with an opportunity to further expand our investor base and broaden our access to capital markets. In addition, as a U.S. listed company, we are pursuing the listing in Hong Kong to provide our Shareholders with greater liquidity and protection amid an evolving market and regulatory environment. As the Listing is by way of introduction, we will not have an offering and there will not be any additional funding from the Introduction. Please see the sections headed “Business — Our Strategies” and “Future Plans and Prospects”for details.

MAJOR SHAREHOLDING CHANGES OF OUR COMPANY

Our Company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on January 3, 2012 as the holding company of our Group. Upon incorporation, our Company had an authorized share capital of US$300,000 divided into 300,000,000 Shares with a par value of US$0.001 each. Following the increase of authorized share capital of our Company in December 2021, as of the Latest Practicable Date, our Company had an authorized share capital of US$40,000,000 divided into 40,000,000,000 Shares with a par value of US$0.001 each.

The major shareholding changes of our Company during the Track Record Period and up to the Latest Practicable Date were set out below:

Ordinary Shares

In May 2020, we sold a total of 34,500,000 ADSs, representing 517,500,000 Shares, pursuant to our initial public offering on the Nasdaq, and an additional 4,500,000 ADSs, representing 67,500,000 Shares were sold upon exercise of the over-allotment option by the underwriters in May 2020. In September 2020, we sold a total of 8,000,000 ADSs representing 120,000,000 Shares, pursuant to a follow-on offering on the Nasdaq, and an additional 1,250,000 ADSs representing 18,750,000 Shares were sold upon exercise of the over-allotment option by the underwriters in October 2020. Further details of our initial public offering and the follow-on offering are set out in the paragraph headed “Spin-off from Kingsoft Group and Listing on the Nasdaq” in this section.

In September 2021, we issued an aggregate of 247,475,446 Shares to certain then existing shareholders of Camelot, a company incorporated under the BVI laws, respectively, pursuant to an agreement and merger plan entered into by, among others, our Company and Camelot. For further details, please refer to the paragraph headed “Acquisition of Camelot and Camelot Technology” in this section.

Preferred Shares

Our Company issued certain preferred shares to various investors historically which include (i) 458,116,000 series A preferred shares held by Kingsoft Corporation and Xiaomi, collectively, (ii) 153,603,600 series B preferred shares held by Kingsoft Corporation and Celestial Power Limited (“Celestial Power”), collectively, (iii) 185,665,192 series C preferred shares held by Kingsoft Corporation, China AMC

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Special Investment Limited, Celestial Power, FutureX Innovation SPC (acting for and on behalf of Special Opportunity Fund VI SP as one of its segregated portfolios), FutureX Innovation SPC (for the account of and on behalf of Special Opportunity Fund V SP), collectively, and (iv) 842,738,782 series D preferred shares held by Kingsoft Corporation, METAWIT Capital L.P., New Cloud Ltd., Shunwei Growth III Limited, Previous Steed Limited, FutureX AI Opportunity Fund LP (acting through Future X Innovation Limited as its General Partner), FurtureX Innovation SPC (acting for and on behalf of New Technology Fund I SP as one of its segregated portfolios), Howater Innovation I Limited Partnership, collectively, all of which had a par value of US$0.001 each.

On December 27, 2019, we further issued (i) 55,089,998 series D+ preferred shares with a par value of US$0.001 each to China Internet Investment Fund (“CIIF”) for a consideration of US$50,000,000, and (ii) 22,035,999 D+ preferred shares with a par value of US$0.001 each to Design Time Limited (“Design Time”) for a consideration of US$20,000,000, pursuant to the share purchase agreements entered into with CIIF on December 2, 2019 and Design Time on December 16, 2019, respectively.

Immediately upon the completion of our initial public offering on the Nasdaq, all the issued and outstanding preferred shares were converted into ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis. As of the Latest Practicable Date, our Company has an issued share capital of US$3,805,284.80 divided into 3,805,284,801 Shares of US$0.001 each.

OUR INVESTORS PRIOR TO THE NASDAQ LISTING

Since our incorporation, we have received various rounds of investment from investors including professional equity investment funds and notable technology companies, where we issued ordinary shares and preferred shares in the share capital of our Company to these investors. The aggregate net proceeds from such investments amounted to approximately US$990.4 million. The investments led to the issuance of certain preferred shares in the share capital of our Company which were converted into ordinary shares immediately prior to the completion of our initial public offering on the Nasdaq. Further details are as set out in the paragraph headed “Major Shareholding Changes of our Company — Preferred Shares” in this section. All the special rights of these investors have been terminated and of no further force or effect immediately upon our listing on the Nasdaq.

ACQUISITION OF CAMELOT AND CAMELOT TECHNOLOGY

We acquired Camelot by way of a statutory merger provided under the Cayman Companies Act in September 2021. Relevant information about Camelot Group and such acquisition are set out below.

Camelot Group’s business and reasons for acquisition

Founded in 2001, Camelot Group is one of the leading financial service cloud solutions providers in China and mainly engaged in enterprise digital solutions and related services. Other than its offices in the Greater China area, Camelot Group also expanded its footprint to Japan after its acquisition of Dalian Yuandong Digital Co., Ltd. (大連遠東數碼有限公司) in 2006. Camelot Group primarily offers enterprise digital solutions and related services such as teller or branch systems, anti-money laundering and fraud prevention software services to large enterprise clients. Camelot Group offers services to customers covering a number of sectors, including financial industry, IT and IT consulting, telecom, manufacturing, real estate, media, education, logistics, energy, consumer goods and retail. It is a strategic solution partner for certain multinational IT companies, including HP and SAP. For further details of the financial service cloud solutions offered by and business model of Camelot Group, please refer to the paragraph headed “Business — Our Products and Solutions — Industry Specific Solutions — Financial Service Cloud Solutions” and “Business — Our Products and Solutions — Industry Specific Solutions — Camelot Group.” Camelot Information Systems Inc., a BVI holding company for the members of Camelot Group, was listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 2010 and completed its going private transaction in 2014, after which Camelot Employee Scheme INC. became the holding company of Camelot Group.

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By acquiring and integrating with Camelot Group, we expect to benefit from its (i) core senior management’s rich experience; (ii) large customer base and long-standing client relationships to cross-sell our products and solutions; (iii) deep vertical know-how for developing industry solutions; and (iv) nationwide fulfillment centers across major cities in China for project deployment with lower costs with enhanced efficiency and increased customer stickiness.

The major operating subsidiary of Camelot is Camelot Technology. Prior to the completion of our acquisition of Camelot, Camelot Technology was held as to 79.53% by Camelot, and with the remaining equity interests held by Shanghai Jiawo Yunfan Investment Center (Limited Partnership) (上海稼沃韻帆投資中心(有限合夥)) (“Shanghai Jiawo”) as to approximately 15.66%, Tongxiang Jiawo Yunfeng Equity Investment Partnership (Limited Partnership) (桐鄉稼沃雲楓股權投資合夥企業(有限合夥)) (“Tongxiang Jiawo”) as to approximately 1.61%, and three employee incentive platforms (the “Original Camelot Incentive Platforms”) as to approximately 3.19%. Each of Shanghai Jiawo and Tongxiang Jiawo is an investment fund, the general partners and limited partners of which are Independent Third Parties (apart from being substantial shareholders of Camelot Technology where applicable). The Original Camelot Incentive Platforms were ultimately and beneficially owned by employees of Camelot Group who are Independent Third Parties.

The following diagram illustrates the corporate structure of Camelot Group prior to the completion of our acquisition of Camelot:

Note:

(1)

Including 20 then remaining shareholders of Camelot, who each held less than 5% of the issued share capital of Camelot immediately prior to the completion of our acquisition of Camelot.

The Camelot Merger Agreement

On July 31, 2021, the Camelot Merger Agreement was entered into by and among (i) our Company, (ii) Camelot, (iii) the Camelot Founders, (v) Benefit Overseas Limited (“Benefit Overseas”), a company incorporated under BVI laws and wholly-owned by Mr. Ma, and (vi) Dreams Power Ltd. (“Dreams Power”), a company incorporated under the BVI laws and wholly-owned by Ms. Chou. To the best knowledge, information and belief of the Directors having made all reasonable inquiries, each of Mr. Ma, Ms. Chou, other then shareholders of Camelot and their respective ultimate beneficial owners is an Independent Third Party.

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Pursuant to the Camelot Merger Agreement, the Company acquired the 79.53% equity interests in Camelot Technology by using a combination of (a) cash consideration in the approximate USD equivalent amount of RMB760.9 million and (b) share consideration in the approximate USD equivalent amount of RMB4.0 billion, to be settled in two tranches (the “Camelot Consideration” and the “Camelot Acquisition”). The Camelot Consideration was determined based on arm’s length negotiation among the parties with reference to the market value of comparable companies with similar business nature and the future business prospects of Camelot Group. There are no special rights granted to the Camelot Founders, the non-founder shareholders of Camelot (the “Camelot Non-Founder Shareholders”) or any of their investment holding companies as a result of the completion of the Camelot Merger Agreement.

The first tranche of the Camelot Consideration, according to the Camelot Merger Agreement, included (a) a cash consideration in the approximate USD equivalent amount of RMB350 million; and (b) a share consideration in the approximate USD equivalent amount of RMB3.05 billion. The second tranche of the Camelot Consideration, included (a) a cash consideration in the approximate USD equivalent amount of RMB260.9 million payable to the Camelot Non-Founder Shareholders on June 30, 2023; and (b) a share consideration in the approximate USD equivalent amount of RMB782.6 million to be issued to the Camelot Non-Founder Shareholders on June 30, 2023. The number of the Shares to be issued for the purpose of settling the second tranche share consideration shall be determined and calculated based on the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s ADSs listed on the Nasdaq for thirty (30) trading days immediately preceding June 30, 2023 (the “Shares Calculation Basis”). Additionally, in order to secure certain obligations such as tax filing, payment and indemnifications under the Camelot Merger Agreement, the parties also agreed that, among other things, an aggregate cash consideration of approximately RMB150 million was escrowed until April 30, 2022 and share consideration of approximately RMB180 million would be held back from issuance until June 30, 2023 (the “Holdback Shares”) based on the same Shares Calculation Basis. The second tranche and the escrowed tranche of the cash consideration are expected to be settled by the Company using internal resources. In the unlikely event that the Company is delisted from the Nasdaq by June 30, 2023, the Directors expect to engage in good faith discussion with the Camelot Founders to settle the corresponding share consideration by such other reasonable means that the Camelot Founders and the Company may agree upon, taking into account the then relevant circumstances.

The Camelot Acquisition has been properly and legally completed on September 3, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), upon the fulfillment of the customary closing conditions, the settlement of the first tranche of the cash consideration of USD equivalent amount of RMB350 million, as well as the Company’s issuance of 247,475,446 shares (excluding the Holdback Shares and calculated based on the volume weighted average price of the ADSs listed on the Nasdaq for thirty (30) trading days immediately preceding the Closing Date) as the first tranche share consideration to the then Camelot shareholders, of which 101,453,974, 73,034,892 and 72,986,580 Shares were issued to the Camelot Founders and the Camelot Non-Founder Shareholders, respectively.

Upon completion of the Camelot Merger Agreement on September 3, 2021, Camelot became a non-wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and its financial results were consolidated by the Company. Camelot was subsequently merged with and into Iridescence Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, pursuant to the Camelot Merger Agreement, and as a result each of the Camelot Founders and other then shareholders of Camelot immediately prior to such completion of the Camelot Merger Agreement ceased to be the shareholder of Camelot. Camelot Technology became a non-wholly owned subsidiary of the Company upon such completion of the Camelot Merger Agreement on September 3, 2021.

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The following diagram illustrates the shareholding and corporate structure of Camelot Group immediately after the completion of our acquisition of Camelot on September 3, 2021:

[MISSING IMAGE: fc_camelotmerger-bw.jpg]

Given that the Company will issue additional Shares with an aggregate USD equivalent amount of approximately RMB962.6 million on June 30, 2023 under the Camelot Merger Agreement, Shareholders will experience dilution on their shareholdings in the Company. For details of the dilution risk, please see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Dual Listing — Purchasers of our Ordinary Shares will incur immediate and significant dilution and may experience further dilution if we issue additional shares or other equity securities in the future, including pursuant to the share incentive schemes.”

Each of Mr. Ma and Ms. Chou agreed, among other things, that with respect to 25% of our Shares issued to him or her (or his or her designated affiliate(s) to receive such Shares) on the Closing Date thereunder, it shall not transfer any such Shares (or ADSs representing such shares) until June 30, 2023.

Based on the historical financial information of Camelot Group, the Camelot Acquisition would have been classified as a major transaction under Chapter 14 of the Listing Rules if such acquisition was made by a listed issuer. Therefore, the Camelot Acquisition triggers the disclosure threshold pursuant to Rule 4.05A of the Listing Rules, and our Company is required to disclose the pre-acquisition financial information of Camelot Group from January 1, 2019 to September 3, 2021, which is set forth in Note 31 to the Accountants’ Report included in Exhibit 99.3 entitled “Camelot Employee Scheme INC Audited Consolidated Financial Statements” to the Form 6-K dated December 23, 2022.

Save as disclosed above, we have not conducted any major acquisitions, disposals or mergers since our incorporation that we consider to be material to us during the Track Record Period and would be classified as a transaction that falls under Rule 4.05A of the Listing Rules.

Acquisition of minority interests in Camelot Technology

(i)

3.19% Acquisition

Pursuant to the terms and undertakings in the Camelot Merger Agreement, it was agreed that after the completion of the Camelot Merger Agreement, reasonable best efforts will be made, upon reasonable request, to cause approximately 3.19% of the equity interests in Camelot Technology held by the Original Camelot Incentive Platforms to be transferred to one or more persons designated by the Company (the “3.19%

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Acquisition”), the aggregate consideration of which shall be the amount of RMB175,923,000 (the “3.19% Consideration”), where approximately 25% of which (the “3.19% Cash Consideration”) shall be settled by cash and approximately 75% of which, shall be settled by Shares (the “3.19% Share Consideration”).

The 3.19% Consideration was pre-determined as part of the Camelot Merger Agreement upon arm’s length negotiation with the Original Camelot Incentive Platforms taking into account the then valuation of Camelot Group. In addition, the proportion of the 3.19% Cash Consideration and 3.19% Share Consideration was also pre-determined as part of the Camelot Merger Agreement, after taking into account the Company’s overall working capital and liquidity management, the fact that the Original Camelot Incentive Platforms were ultimately held by employees of Camelot Group and the parties’ intention to apportion a higher percentage of the aggregate consideration for settlement in consideration shares to better incentivize the relevant employees of Camelot Group in the long term.

In relation to the aforesaid 3.19% Acquisition, the Company, the Original Camelot Incentive Platforms and the respective beneficial owners thereof (as applicable) entered into certain agreements (the “3.19% Agreements”) in November 2022, pursuant to which (i) the Company shall grant a total of 27,500,715 restricted share units under the 2021 Share Incentive Plan to current and former employees of Camelot Group in recognition of their contribution to Camelot Group (the “Camelot RSUs”), and (ii) the Original Camelot Incentive Platforms shall transfer the 3.19% equity interests in Camelot Technology to the Group (via Cloud Camelot (Beijing) Information Technology Co., Ltd. (雲萊特(北京)信息技術有限公司)) for RMB43,980,750 (being equivalent to the 3.19% Cash Consideration). The number of the Camelot RSUs was determined based on an issuance price reflecting the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s ADS in early 2022. Such benchmark issuance price was determined upon arm’s length negotiations among the parties taking into account the fluctuation of the trading price of the Company’s ADSs since the closing of the Camelot Merger Agreement and trading price of the Company’s ADS in early February 2022. The acquisition of such 3.19% equity interests in Camelot Technology was completed on November 18, 2022. On the same day, the transfer of 3.19% equity interests in Camelot Technology from the Original Camelot Incentive Platforms to the Group was completed and our Group acquired all the rights attached to such 3.19% equity interests in Camelot Technology. As of the Latest Practicable Date, the Camelot RSUs had been granted to the relevant current and former employees of Camelot Group under the 2021 Share Incentive Plan and fully vested, and the outstanding consideration to be paid by the Group in relation to the 3.19% Acquisition is the cash consideration of RMB43,980,750, which has been settled in full.

(ii)

Purchase of Equity Interests held by the Jiawo Shareholders

In order to better integrate with Camelot Group and align the interests of Camelot Technology’s minority shareholders with that of the Group, the Company also plans to acquire equity interests in Camelot Technology held by Shanghai Jiawo and Tongxiang Jiawo (collectively, the “Jiawo Shareholders”), both of which are minority shareholders of Camelot Technology holding approximately 17.27% equity interests in Camelot Technology in aggregate.

Pursuant to the share purchase agreements entered into between the Company and the Jiawo Shareholders on October 21, 2022, the Company agreed to acquire an aggregate of 9.50% of the equity interests in Camelot Technology from the Jiawo Shareholders for a total cash consideration of RMB456 million. The acquisition of such 9.50% equity interests in Camelot Technology was completed on November 18, 2022. On the same day, the transfer of 9.50% equity interests in Camelot Technology from the Jiawo Shareholders to the Group completed and our Group acquired all the rights attached to such 9.50% equity interests in Camelot Technology. As of the Latest Practicable Date, the outstanding consideration to be paid by the Group in relation to such acquisition was the cash consideration in the amount of RMB456 million is expected to be settled in five installments by the end of 2024.

The aforesaid consideration was determined upon arm’s length negotiation with the Jiawo Shareholders, taking into account, among others, the Company’s assessment of Camelot Technology’s business operations and prospect, and the proposed timing and means of settlement.

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Subject to the entering into of definitive agreements, the Company plans to continue discussing with the Jiawo Shareholders in relation to the purchase of the remaining 7.77% equity interest held by them in Camelot Technology after the Listing. In the event the consideration of such proposed acquisition would involve the issuance of Shares, the Company shall duly comply with all applicable Listing Rules (including, where applicable, notification, announcement and shareholders’ approval). As of the Latest Practicable Date, no definitive agreement has been entered into among the Company and Jiawo Shareholders.

As of the Latest Practicable Date, the Company was ultimately interested in approximately 92.23% of the equity interests in Camelot Technology and the remaining equity interests in Camelot Technology were held by Shanghai Jiawo as to approximately 7.05%, Tongxiang Jiawo as to approximately 0.72%. Both of Shanghai Jiawo and Tongxiang Jiawo are Independent Third Parties.

Notes:

(1)

Please refer to the section headed “History, Development and Corporate Structure — Our Corporate Structure” below for details of the shareholding of Kingsoft Corporation, Xiaomi and other Shareholders in our Company.

(2)

including 9.50% equity interest in Camelot Technology transferred from the Jiawo Shareholders to the Group. The acquisition of such 9.50% equity interests in Camelot Technology was completed on November 18, 2022. On the same day, the transfer of such 9.50% equity interests in Camelot Technology from the Jiawo Shareholders to the Group was completed and our Group acquired all the rights attached to such 9.50% equity interests in Camelot Technology. As of the Latest Practicable Date, the outstanding consideration to be paid by the Group in relation to such acquisition was the cash consideration in the amount of RMB456 million, which is expected to be settled in five installments by the end of 2024. Please refer to section headed “History, Development and Corporate Structure — Acquisition of Camelot and Camelot Technology — Acquisition of minority interests in Camelot Technology — (ii) Purchase of Equity Interests held by the Jiawo Shareholders”above for details of the acquisition of the 9.50% equity interests in Camelot Technology.

(3)

The acquisition of such 3.19% equity interests in Camelot Technology was completed on November 18, 2022. On the same day, the transfer of 3.19% equity interests in Camelot Technology from the Original Camelot Incentive Platforms to the Group was completed and our Group acquired all the rights attached to such 3.19% equity interests in Camelot Technology. As of the Latest Practicable Date, the Camelot RSUs had been granted to the relevant current and former employees of Camelot Group under the 2021 Share Incentive Plan and fully vested, and the outstanding consideration to be paid by the Group in relation to the 3.19% Acquisition is the cash consideration of RMB43,980,750, which has been settled in full. Please refer to section headed “History, Development and Corporate Structure — Acquisition of Camelot and Camelot Technology — Acquisition of minority interests in Camelot Technology — (i) 3.19% Acquisition”above for details of the 3.19% Acquisition.

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Summary of our acquisition of interests in Camelot and Camelot Technology

The table below provides a summary of the transactions relating to our acquisition of interests in Camelot and Camelot Technology as of the Latest Practicable Date:

	Acquisition of Camelot	Acquisition of 3.19% of Camelot Technology	Acquisition of 9.50% of Camelot Technology
Date of agreement(s)	July 31, 2021	November 16, 2022	October 21, 2022
Shares and equity acquired	100% of the issued capital of Camelot	3.19% of the equity interests in Camelot Technology	9.50% of the equity interests in Camelot Technology
Means of acquisition	Merger agreement	Equity transfer agreement	Equity transfer agreement
Parties to the agreements	Camelot Founders and entities wholly owned by them	Original Camelot Incentive Platforms and the employees of Camelot Group ultimately holding interests in these platforms, being Independent Third Parties	Shanghai Jiawo and Tongxiang Jiawo, being Independent Third Parties except with respect to their holdings in Camelot Technology
Consideration*	Cash: approximately RMB760.9 million Shares: approximately RMB4.0 billion	Cash: RMB43,980,750 Shares: RMB131,942,250	Cash consideration of RMB456 million
Payment terms	1. First tranche consideration (other than Holdback Shares) settled in September 2021 to be payable to the Camelot Founders included: Cash: approximately RMB350 million Shares: approximately RMB2.87 billion through the issuance of 247,475,446 Shares	Cash consideration to be settled by end of 2022 and payable to the Original Camelot Incentive Platforms 27,500,715 restricted share units have been granted to relevant employees and former employees of Camelot Group under the 2021 Share Incentive Plan	To be settled in five installments by the end of 2024 and payable to Shanghai Jiawo and Tongxiang Jiawo
	2. Holdback Shares of First Tranche Consideration of approximately RMB180 million to be settled by June 30, 2023 and payable to the Camelot Founders*
	3. Second tranche consideration to be settled by June 30, 2023 and payable to Camelot Non-Founder Shareholders included:

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Acquisition of Camelot	Acquisition of 3.19% of Camelot Technology	Acquisition of 9.50% of Camelot Technology
Cash: approximately RMB260.9 million Shares: approximately RMB782.6 million**
* The consideration for the acquisition of Camelot Group are determined based on negotiations on arm’s length basis between the Group and the relevant shareholders of Camelot Group, taking into account among others, (i) the financial positions of Camelot Group at the material time prior to the relevant acquisitions, (ii) the business performance of Camelot Group, (iii) the valuation of comparable companies, including the Price to Earnings ratio of Shenzhen Farben Information Technology Co., Ltd. (a company listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, stock code: 300925) at the relevant time, and (iv) the prevailing market conditions at the time of the relevant acquisitions ** The number of the Shares to be issued for the purpose of settling Holdback Shares of the first tranche and the second tranche share consideration shall be determined and calculated based on the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s ADSs listed on the Nasdaq for thirty (30) trading days immediately preceding June 30, 2023

RESTRUCTURING OF OUR CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS

The Group provides its cloud services mainly through (i) subsidiaries of Zhuhai Kingsoft Cloud and (ii) Kingsoft Cloud Information and its respective subsidiaries (the “PRC Operating Entities”). The Contractual Arrangements were put in place for the Company to obtain control over the Consolidated Affiliated Entities and to operate value-added telecommunication services. Please refer to the sections headed “Contractual Arrangements” and “Connected Transactions” for further details of the Contractual Arrangements.

In order to adhere to the “narrowly tailored” principle under the Listing Decision LD43-3 to the extent practicable, we underwent reorganization of the holding structure of our onshore subsidiaries and Consolidated Affiliated Entities in preparation for the Listing. To the extent permitted under the relevant

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PRC laws and regulations, certain PRC Operating Entities that have not yet commenced operations and are not subject to foreign investment restrictions under applicable PRC laws and regulations have been (i) transferred to the wholly foreign owned enterprises (the “WFOE(s)”) within the Group and become indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, or (ii) dissolved, with the relevant business, if any, transferred to a WFOE and/or its other wholly-owned subsidiaries (as the case may be). None of these entities is material to our business, operations and financial performance. Please refer to the paragraph headed “Our Corporate Structure” in this section for the shareholding and corporate structure of our Group after the completion of the aforesaid restructuring.

As we gradually expands our business in cloud services, we will procure Zhuhai Kingsoft Cloud to apply for the relevant prohibited licenses and/or restrictive licenses.

STRATEGIC COOPERATION AND ANTI-DILUTION FRAMEWORK AGREEMENTS

On January 27, 2022 and January 29, 2022, our Company entered into strategic cooperation and anti-dilution framework agreements (the “Strategic Cooperation and Anti-Dilution Agreements”) with Kingsoft Corporation and Xiaomi, respectively, pursuant to which the parties agree, among other things, to form a strategic cooperation with each other in respect of products, services and solutions under various potential business fields (each, a “Strategic Cooperation”). The parties to the Strategic Cooperation and Anti-dilution Agreements agree that, as part of their agreement to continuously explore Strategic Cooperation opportunities with each other, we shall, subject to compliance with applicable rules and regulations, grant an anti-dilution option (the “Anti-Dilution Option”) to each of Kingsoft Corporation and Xiaomi, respectively, to the effect that during the period from the date of the respective Strategic Cooperation and Anti-Dilution Agreement to December 31, 2024, Kingsoft Corporation and Xiaomi are entitled to subscribe such number of Shares to maintain their respective existing shareholding in our Company upon completion of such placing and issuance of new Shares by the Company. For the avoidance of doubt, Kingsoft Corporation and Xiaomi are not entitled to exercise their Anti-Dilution Option in respect of the newly issued equity securities of our Company in the following transactions:

(i)

options, grants, awards, restricted shares or any other share-based awards issued or issuable under any employee equity incentive plan approved by the Board (collectively, “Company Equity Awards”), and any equity securities issuable upon the exercise, vesting or conversion of any Company Equity Awards;

(ii)

equity securities issued pursuant to the cancellation, conversion or exchange of any ADS of the Company by the holders thereof;

(iii)

equity securities issued pursuant to any acquisition of any entity through a merger, acquisition, purchase of substantially all of the assets of such entity, restructuring or similar transaction, in each case, as approved by the Board;

(iv)

equity securities issued in connection with any share split, share division, share dividend or distribution, reclassification or other similar event as approved by the Board; and

(v)

equity securities issued upon the conversion, exchange or exercise of any share swapping rights outstanding as of the date of the respective Strategic Cooperation and Anti-Dilution Agreements.

EQUITY INCENTIVE PLANS

2013 Share Option Scheme

Our Company adopted the 2013 Share Option Scheme on February 27, 2013, as amended on June 27, 2013, May 20, 2015 and December 26, 2016. The purpose of the 2013 Share Option Scheme is to provide incentives or rewards to participants thereunder for their contribution to the Group and/or to enable the Group to recruit and retain high-caliber employees and attract human resources that are valuable to the Group and any invested entity. As of the Latest Practicable Date, the Company has granted options pursuant to the

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2013 Share Option Scheme representing a total of 200,418,659 Shares (including those that have been exercised). The Board has determined not to grant any further share options under the 2013 Share Option Scheme upon the Latest Practicable Date. For the principal terms and details of the outstanding share options (including the number of vested and unvested share options as of the Latest Practicable Date) under the 2013 Share Option Scheme, please refer to the paragraph headed “Appendix IV — Statutory and General Information — D. Equity Incentive Plans — 1. 2013 Share Option Scheme and — 4. Outstanding share options, share awards and RSUs granted under the Equity Incentive Plans.”

2013 Share Award Scheme

Our Company adopted the 2013 Share Award Scheme on February 22, 2013, as amended on January 9, 2015, March 3, 2016, June 8, 2016, December 7, 2018 and November 6, 2019. The purpose of the 2013 Share Award Scheme is to provide incentives or rewards to selected employees for their contribution to the Group and/or to enable the Group to recruit and retain high-caliber employees and attract human resources that are valuable to the Group and any invested entity. As of the Latest Practicable Date, the Company has granted awards pursuant to the 2013 Share Award Scheme representing a total of 159,366,456 Shares. The Board has determined not to grant any further share awards under the 2013 Share Award Scheme upon the Latest Practicable Date. For the principal terms and details of the outstanding share awards (which have not been vested as of the Latest Practicable Date) under the 2013 Share Award Scheme, please refer to the paragraph headed “Appendix IV — Statutory and General Information — D. Equity Incentive Plans — 2. 2013 Share Award Scheme and — 4. Outstanding share options, share awards and RSUs granted under the Equity Incentive Plans.”

2021 Share Incentive Plan

Our Company adopted the 2021 Share Incentive Plan on November 15, 2021 and amended on December 20, 2022 with such amendments to take effect immediately upon the Listing. The purpose of the 2021 Share Incentive Plan is to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, to provide additional incentives to selected employees, Directors, and consultants and to promote the success of the Company’s business. As of the Latest Practicable Date, no share option had been granted under the 2021 Share Incentive Plan and only the restricted share units representing a total of 108,169,365 Shares had been granted pursuant to the 2021 Share Incentive Plan. The Company will not issue any further awards pursuant to the 2021 Share Incentive Plan between the Latest Practicable Date (for the purpose of the final listing document) until the Listing, other than the grant of 27,500,715 RSUs to current and former employees of Camelot Group to satisfy the Camelot RSUs pursuant to the 3.19% Agreements prior to Listing. For the principal terms and details of the outstanding restricted share units (which have not been vested as of the Latest Practicable Date) under the 2021 Share Incentive Plans, please refer to the paragraph headed “Appendix IV — Statutory and General Information — D. Equity Incentive Plans — 3. 2021 Share Incentive Plan and — 4. Outstanding share options, share awards and RSUs granted under the Equity Incentive Plans.”

The Company will comply with Chapter 14A and other applicable rules of the Listing Rules for any share awards to be granted to connected persons under the Equity Incentive Plans after Listing.

PRC REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

SAFE registration in the PRC

Pursuant to the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Residents to Engage in Overseas Investment, Financing and Round Trip Investment via Special Purpose Vehicles (《國家外匯管理局關於境內居民通過特殊目的公司境外投融資及返程投資外匯管理有關問題的通知》) (the “SAFE Circular No. 37”), promulgated by SAFE on July 4, 2014, (i) a PRC resident must register with the local SAFE counterpart before he or she contributes assets or equity interests in an overseas special purpose vehicle (the “Overseas SPV”) that is directly established or indirectly controlled by the PRC resident

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for the purpose of conducting investment or financing, and (ii) following the initial registration, the PRC resident is also required to register with the local SAFE counterpart for any major change in respect of the Overseas SPV, including, among other things, a change of Overseas SPV’s PRC resident shareholder(s), the name of the Overseas SPV, terms of operation, or any increase or reduction of the PRC residents’ capital, share transfer or swap, and merger or division of Overseas SPV. Pursuant to SAFE Circular No. 37, failure to comply with these registration procedures may result in penalties.

Pursuant to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment (《國家外匯管理局關於進一步簡化和改進直接投資外匯管理政策的通知》), promulgated by SAFE on February 13, 2015 and effective on June 1, 2015, the power of foreign exchange registration was delegated from the local SAFE counterpart to qualified local banks where the domestic entity was incorporated.

PUBLIC FLOAT

So far as our Directors are aware, upon completion of the Introduction (without taking into account any Shares which may be further issued under the Equity Incentive Plans), the Shares held by Kingsoft Corporation and Xiaomi which are the substantial shareholders of our Company and the Shares or ADSs owned by the directors of our Company and subsidiaries, their respective spouses and entities controlled by them, will not be counted towards the public float.

As at the Latest Practicable Date, TMF Trust (HK) Limited, as trustee, holding 103,501,929 Shares underlying the share awards granted under the Equity Incentive Plans (assuming no further Share transfers from TMF Trust (HK) Limited to satisfy any share options exercised or RSUs vested under the Equity Incentive Plans (including any Share transfers to satisfy the Camelot RSUs upon vesting) from the Latest Practicable Date to the Listing Date), representing approximately 2.72% of the issued share capital of the Company. The ultimate beneficial owners for which TMF Trust (HK) Limited are holding the shares as trustee under the relevant trust are employees of the Group who were granted share awards under the Equity Incentive Plans. The settlor of the trust is the Company. After the Listing, TMF Trust (HK) Limited, as the trustee, shall abstain from voting on matters that require Shareholders’ approval under the Listing Rules, unless otherwise required by law to vote in accordance with the beneficial owner’s direction and such a direction is given. As at the Latest Practicable Date, no core connected persons are interested in any of the Shares held by TMF Trust (HK) Limited and accordingly all such Shares held by TMF Trust (HK) Limited shall be counted as part of the public float.

So far as our Directors are aware, save as Kingsoft Corporation and Xiaomi, the remaining Shareholders are not core connected persons and will collectively hold 1,932,337,217 Shares or approximately 50.78% of the total number of issued Shares of our Company, which will count towards the public float, upon completion of the Introduction (assuming without taking into account any Shares which may be further issued under the Equity Incentive Plans).

OUR CORPORATE STRUCTURE

The following diagram illustrates our simplified corporate and shareholding structure, showing our major subsidiaries and operating entities as at the Latest Practicable Date (assuming there is no change in the shareholding of the public Shareholders from the Latest Practicable Date and assuming no further Shares are issued under the Equity Incentive Plans):

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Notes:

(1)

Xiaomi is controlled by Mr. Lei Jun, the chairman of our Board and our non-executive Director.

(2)

TMF Trust (HK) Limited, as trustee, holding 103,501,929 Shares underlying the share awards granted under the Equity Incentive Plans (assuming no further Share transfers from TMF Trust (HK) Limited to satisfy any share options exercised or RSUs vested under the Equity Incentive Plans (including any Share transfers to satisfy the Camelot RSUs upon vesting) from the Latest Practicable Date to the Listing Date), representing approximately 2.72% of the issued share capital of the Company as of the Latest Practicable Date. Among the 103,501,929 Shares held by TMF Trust (HK) Limited, 83,279,670 Shares have been transferred to Bank of New York Mellon in preparation for conversion into ADSs upon vesting of certain share awards granted under the Equity Incentive Plans. As at the Latest Practicable Date, no core connected persons are interested in any of the Shares held by TMF Trust (HK) Limited and accordingly all such Shares held by TMF Trust (HK) Limited shall be counted as part of the public float.

(3)

Other Public Shareholders include:

(a)

Celestial Power, a company incorporated under the laws of BVI and one of the investors prior to our listing on the Nasdaq holding 43,153,502 Shares, representing approximately 1.13% of the issued share capital of the Company as of the Latest Practicable Date. Celestial Power is managed by IDG Capital which is a private equity investment institution having developed its venture capital business in China since 1993;

(b)

Mr. Wang Yulin, a former director and former CEO of the Company who resigned from his positions in the Group on August 8, 2022 due to personal health reasons, and his controlled entities as of the Latest Practicable Date include (i) River Jade Holdings Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of the BVI which is ultimately controlled by Mr. Wang Yulin, held 9,600,000 Shares, representing approximately 0.25% of the issued share capital of the Company; and (ii) Autogold Limited (“Autogold”) held 38,729,425 Shares, representing approximately 1.02% of the issued share capital of the Company. Autogold is a company incorporated under the laws of the BVI and wholly-owned by Prosper River Group Limited, which is ultimately controlled by The YTCM Trust. The YTCM Trust is a trust established under the laws of the Republic of Singapore and managed by Vistra Trust (Singapore) Pte. Limited as the trustee. Mr. Wang Yulin, our executive Director and Chief Executive Officer, is the settlor of The YTCM Trust, and Mr. Wang and his family members are the beneficiaries of The YTCM Trust. Prior to Mr. Wang Yulin’s resignation, he served as the director and CEO of our Company as well as the director and general manager of major subsidiaries and operating entities of the Company, namely Zhuhai Kingsoft Cloud, Kingsoft Cloud Network, Nanjing Qianyi, Yunxiang Zhisheng, Kingsoft Cloud Information, Beijing Jinxun Ruibo, Wuhan Kingsoft Cloud, Beijing Kingsoft Cloud, Kingsoft Cloud Tianjin and Kingsoft Cloud Corporation Limited (collectively, the “Major Served Subsidiaries and Operating Entities”). Mr. Wang Yulin also served as the director or general manager of other 17 subsisting subsidiaries and operating entities of the Company (“Other Served Subsisting Subsidiaries and Operating Entities”). In addition, prior to Mr. Wang Yulin’s resignation, he also served in one operating entity which has been deregistered as of the date of the Listing Document and one subsidiary which is currently going through internal procedures

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HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND CORPORATE STRUCTURE

for its deregistration with such deregistration expected to be fully completed shortly after the Listing. After Mr. Wang Yulin’s resignation, Mr. Zou Tao was re-designated as an executive Director and the acting CEO of the Company and was appointed as or remained to be the director and general manager of the Major Served Subsidiaries and Operating Entities as well as the director or general manager of the Other Served Subsisting Subsidiaries and Operating Entities. For details relating to Mr. Zou Tao’s management role in the Company during the Track Record Period, please refer to “Directors and Senior Management — Directors —Executive Directors and Non-executive Directors”;

(c)

CIIF, a limited partnership established under the laws of the PRC and one of the investors prior to our listing on the Nasdaq, holding 55,089,998 Shares, representing approximately 1.45% of the issued share capital of the Company as of the Latest Practicable Date. CIIF is a limited partnership established in the PRC in 2017 with registered capital of RMB30.1 billion. It is a venture capital firm based in Beijing, PRC and principally engaged in investment management and consultation in non-securities business. It focuses on making investments in sectors such as network security, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, and network information services. CIIF is managed by its general partner China Internet Investment Fund Management Co., Ltd. (中國互聯網投資基金管理有限公司) with registered capital of RMB100 million, which in turn is controlled by China Netcom (Beijing) Holding Co., Ltd. (中網信通(北京)控股有限公司), a company wholly owned by the National Cyberspace and Information Security Administration Center (國家計算機網絡與信息安全管理中心) administered by the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission of the PRC (中央網絡安全和信息化委員會辦公室), a PRC government authority. CIIF has eight limited partners with the largest limited partner holding approximately 33.22% partnership interest. According to the publicly available information, the planned total fund size of CIIF is RMB100 billion. The invested portfolio companies of CIIF include, among others, Kuaishou Technology (Stock Code: 1024), a company listed on the Stock Exchange, SenseTime Group Inc. (Stock Code: 0020), a company listed on the Stock Exchange, and Ximalaya Inc. (NYSE: XIMA), a public company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. To the best knowledge of the Directors, each of CIIF, its general partner and limited partners is an Independent Third Party;

(d)

Mr. Ma and Ms. Chou, being the Camelot Founders, holding 89,453,974 Shares and 73,034,892 Shares, representing approximately 2.35% and 1.92% of the issued share capital of the Company as of the Latest Practicable Date;

(e)

the Non-founder shareholders of Camelot, holding 50,648,715 Shares, representing approximately 1.33% of the issued share capital of the Company as of the Latest Practicable Date; and

(f)

the remaining public Shareholders who each holds less than 2% of the issued share capital of the Company as of the Latest Practicable Date.

(4)

Pursuant to the Camelot Merger Agreement, after a series of mergers involving among others, Benefit Overseas and Dreams Power, Camelot has been merged with and into Iridescence Limited, a company incorporated under the BVI laws and wholly-owned by our Company.

(5)

The remaining equity interests in Camelot Technology were held by Shanghai Jiawo as to approximately 7.05% and Tongxiang Jiawo as to approximately 0.72%. All of these minority shareholders of Camelot Technology are Independent Third Parties (apart from being the substantial shareholder of Camelot Technology where applicable).

(6)

Zhuhai Kingsoft Cloud is held as to 79.60% and 20.40% by Beijing Digital Entertainment and Ms. Qiu Weiqin as registered shareholders.

(7)

Kingsoft Cloud Information is held as to 80% and 20% by Ms. Qiu Weiqin and Mr. Zou Tao, our executive Director and acting CEO, respectively, as registered shareholders.

(8)

Each of the following Project Entities (as defined in the section headed “Contractual Arrangements”), namely Rizhao Kingsoft Cloud Network Technology Co., Ltd.* (日照金山雲網絡技術有限公司), Kingsoft Cloud Network Technology (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd.* (金山雲網絡技術(江蘇)有限公司), Kingsoft Cloud (Qingyang) Data Information Technology Co., Ltd*. (金山雲(慶陽)數據信息科技有限公司), Kingsoft Cloud Intelligent City Technology (Guizhou) Co., Ltd.* (金山雲智慧城市科技(貴州)有限公司) and Kingsoft Cloud Perception City Technology (Anhui) Co., Ltd.* (金山雲感知城市科技(安徽)有限公司). and its subsidiary, Changjiang Digital Technology (Anhui) Co., Ltd.* (長江數字科技(安徽)有限公司), is a subsidiary of Kingsoft Cloud Network.

(9)

Shanghai Jinxun Ruibo, being a Licensed Entity (as defined in the section headed “Contractual Arrangements”), is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kingsoft Cloud Network.

(10)

Each of Chibi Kingsoft Cloud Network Technology Co., Ltd.* (赤壁金山雲網絡技術有限公司), being a Project Entity, and Shenzhen Yunfan, being a Licensed Entity is a subsidiary of Wuhan Kingsoft Cloud.

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The following section sets forth updated and supplemental information relating to selected aspects of our business and operations subsequent to our 2021 Form 20-F filed with the SEC on May 2, 2022 as well as a current description of our overview, strengths and strategies, and is incorporated by reference into the registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333- 260181) filed with the SEC on October 12, 2021.

MARKET OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Market Opportunities

Compared to the U.S. cloud service market, the Chinese market is still at a relatively early stage with tremendous potential indicated by its relatively lower cloud service penetration rate of 9.7% in 2021, as compared to 22.1% in the U.S.

Driven by the needs to (i) prevent data loss and downtime due to localized component failure in a single cloud, (ii) to ensure continued high-quality performance, (iii) to reduce latency by geographical distribution of processing requests, (iv) to minimize the dependency on a single cloud service provider, and the strengthening regulatory environment, multi-cloud deployment has become an essential trend in China. In 2021, while 87.9% of enterprises with over 1,000 employees deployed multi-cloud in the U.S., only 48.7% of those in China were doing the same. China’s multi-cloud deployment rate is expected to increase to 75.0% in 2026.

Internet Cloud Service Market

There is increasing penetration of internet and mobile devices in China. The massive data demand of the internet industry is one of the main drivers of China’s cloud service market. A wide spectrum of businesses is transforming themselves to offer internet-based services to their customers. In particular, new economies related industries such as video, gaming, and e-commerce have been growing significantly, driving the further demand for cloud resources. Internet cloud service market for these verticals continues to witness strong growth. The internet cloud service market in China is expected to grow at a CAGR of 14.9% from 2021 to 2026.

Non-internet Cloud Service Market

While the cloud-native technology and products are incubated in internet space, non-internet enterprises and organizations are also planning to accelerate digital transformation through cloud adoption, which become another catalyst for cloud service market growth in China. The overall profile of such non-internet enterprise customers in China is characterized by the following key features:

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Spanning across a wide range of traditional sectors such as financial services, healthcare, manufacturing, logistics, etc.

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Well established, with large-scale incumbent conventional on-premises IT environment

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Complex and diverse business scenarios involving issue around data silos

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Subject to increasingly stringent data security requirements

With multi-faceted considerations, including regulatory requirements and legacy IT premises, customers from certain sectors tend to demand for dedicated solutions deployed in designated locations which they could physically control. With dedicated solutions, enterprises and organizations are able to bring benefits about public cloud to their own premises while mitigating restrictions and concerns they may face with moving infrastructure off proprietary premises. The size of China’s non-internet cloud service market increased from RMB61.0 billion in 2017 to RMB203.9 billion in 2021, representing a CAGR of 35.2%, and is expected to reach RMB565.6 billion in 2026, representing a CAGR of 22.6% from 2021 to 2026.

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Pain Points Facing Enterprises and Organizations

Cloud migration has become long-term commitments of enterprises and organizations. However, they still face challenges in digitalization and to cloud migration:

•

Large-scale business requires reliable cloud architecture. Enterprises with large-scale business operations require massive cloud resources deployed in a highly-reliable architecture, with cloud technologies to support EB-level storage, high concurrency computing, and demands for database and big data capabilities.

•

Unaddressed demand for end-to-end cloud solution. Many enterprises and organizations are not proficient with cloud stack and their existing IT architectures are not designed for the adoption of cloud solutions. As such, they are demanding for end-to-end cloud adoption solution, starting from planning, to solution development, fulfillment and deployment, as well as ongoing maintenance and upgrade. As they are generally seeking for dedicated solutions, which is to be deployed on their own premises, enterprises and organizations expect cloud vendors to provide localized deployment services to address all complexities on site.

•

Demand for purpose-built industry-specific solutions. Many enterprises and organizations are pursing digitalization, not only looking for flexible and scalable IT resources, but also next-generation cloud-native applications which help them capture the value of cloud technology. Enterprises and organizations desire for industry-specific solutions which are purpose-built for their business scenarios.

•

High requirement for continuous service and timely response. Post the initial cloud project deployment, enterprises and organizations need to upgrade their systems periodically in response to evolving business environments. This leads to strong demand for continuous services and high requirements for cloud vendors to provide timely response and customized solutions.

•

Imminent demands for digitalization to provide online experience. The proliferation of mobile devices and customers’ ever-growing expectation for online experience have driven non-internet enterprises and organizations to apply cloud technologies to accelerate digitalization, and to provide products and services via internet.

OUR COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS

With our strategic vision and focus on quality execution over the years, we have established strong competitive advantages and become a trusted brand in the industry:

Established Cloud Service Provider

Established market presence and business scale. We are an established cloud service provider in China. Based on our cloud platform consisting of extensive cloud infrastructure, advanced cloud-native products, industry-specific solutions and end-to-end fulfillment and deployment services, we have established strong market presence in cloud service market in China. As of June 30, 2022, we had an extensive infrastructure network with more than 110,000 servers and achieved exabyte-level storage capacity. Anchored by our large-scale and extensive infrastructure, our cloud platform is able to deliver a consistent and instantly available product experience across regions and verticals.

We have achieved strong growth, with a revenue growth CAGR of 51.3% from 2019 to 2021, outpacing the growth CAGR of 36.4% for China’s cloud service market during the same period. Specifically, we have also achieved strong growth in our enterprise cloud services, recording a CAGR of 144.1% from 2019 to 2021.

A brand for neutrality and trust. With our full commitment to cloud service, we are dedicated to mobilizing our resources, to enable our customers to successfully embrace the benefits of cloud solutions, pursue their digital transformation strategies, and create business value. As businesses migrate to cloud environment, customers are increasingly concerned over data security and potential conflicts of interest with cloud service providers. Moreover, multi-cloud strategy has become the industry norm, to ensure the

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consistency, reliability and security of cloud service, and data sovereignty at the backdrop of regulatory requirements. We are favorably positioned to gain trust from customers amidst the increasing penetration of multi-cloud deployment.

End-to-end Cloud Solution Provider

High quality in-house fulfillment and deployment. Our cloud solution is offered in a holistic approach. We provide our customers with products and solutions, covering the entire cloud migration process through planning, solution development, fulfillment and deployment, as well as ongoing maintenance and upgrade. The entire process is primarily executed by our in-house professionals to optimize service efficiency and to enhance our control over service quality. Compared to outsourcing certain stages of project deployment to external vendors, we directly control on the entire process of cloud migration projects, aiming to making consistent fulfillment and deployment.

Advanced cloud products bringing full-span value proposition. We provide various advanced enterprise-grade cloud products based on our extensive infrastructure with high-level availability and reliability. Our modularized cloud products, primarily including unified IaaS infrastructure, and to a lesser extent, PaaS middleware and SaaS applications, can be utilized to design different solutions to meet various business needs. Our IaaS cloud offerings, such as cloud computing, storage and delivery, provide customers with foundational cloud resources. To a lesser extent, we also offer value-added services and products, including PaaS middleware and SaaS applications built on our cloud-native architecture, helping customers unlock operational potential and achieve business success. To address multi-faceted inquiries, we have systematically organized our resources including both our cloud capacity and in-house technological personnel, to be readily available and highly flexible to meet the demands of our customers.

Insight and capabilities in enterprise services. We have gained valuable insight and capabilities from Kingsoft Group’s over 30 years of experience in providing enterprise services, and are highly committed to serve and empower our business customers with cloud technologies. With our customer-centric service philosophy, we always prioritize the needs of our customers and strive to provide them with pleasant experience. We value every customer and provide high quality customer services across their entire life cycle. For each project, we provide dedicated services to customers with our in-depth industry insights. At project initiation, our specialized industry team analyzes deeply into customer business scenarios and designs tailored solutions. During the fulfillment and deployment process, we offer customers with seamless cloud migration services. After the deployment, we have regular client reviews to constantly improve our services. In particular, for our Premium Customers, we also have a dedicated technical support team on demand 24×7 to respond to customer inquiries within 90 seconds. We also promote joint efforts in systems development and upgrade with our Premium Customers, to help them continuously optimize their cloud architecture, which further enhance our customer engagement and stickiness.

Vertical Strategy with Proven Track Record

We have strategically expanded our footprints into selected verticals and have established strong market presence in each vertical through quality and efficient execution. As we continue to serve vertical leaders, our products and solutions continue to iterate and optimize based on customers’ feedback. By partnering with vertical leaders, we have built proprietary industry know-how and formed in-depth understanding of each selected vertical, which empowers us to provide high-quality industry-specific cloud solutions.

We strategically entered specific verticals and achieved a proven track record of success. The verticals we strategically entered include, but not limited to:

•

Video. We started to offer video cloud solutions in 2016, right before the outburst of video streaming in China. Our video cloud solution integrates cloud infrastructure such as storage and processing, and video applications such as encoding and high resolution, providing a holistic solution. We have further upgraded this to immersive video cloud solutions featuring ultra-high resolution and ultra-low latency, which was empowered by our industry-leading cloud rendering and real-time communication

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technology. We are among the first cloud companies offering cloud solutions to internet video companies in China. As of June 30, 2022, we have amassed a Premium Customer base including Bilibili and Zhihu.

•

Public service. We provide cloud infrastructure which systematically connects mission-critical public service organizations, and provide architecture enabling data sharing on municipal level and empowering administrative efficiency while ensuring stringent security and privacy. For example, since 2015 we have been providing public cloud solutions to Beijing Public Service Cloud, one of the largest and earliest deployed public sector cloud platforms in China. Beijing Public Service Cloud provides cloud services to various public sector organizations in Beijing. We have been supporting an increasing number of organizations through their platform. As of the Latest Practicable Date, our solutions have supported over 50 public sector organizations in Beijing.

•

Healthcare. Our healthcare cloud solutions provide high-performance, secure resources and technologies, and a full portfolio of applications and services for the healthcare industry. Our cloud-based solution connects industry participants including various public service departments and healthcare institutions across national and regional levels, in order to facilitate digitalization and eliminate data silos. For example, we have successfully built a cloud-based healthcare information management system for a provincial digital health project in China related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

•

Gaming. We started to offer game cloud solutions in 2014, when the mobile gaming market was set to take off. We have developed full-stack platform for gaming companies to incubate, test and operate their games in cloud environments. In 2020, we upgraded our solution for cloud gaming, allowing game developers to provide high-quality, unified and equipment-agnostic gaming experience to users, which is the first-of-its-kind industry solution. As of June 30, 2022, our customers included leading gaming companies in China such as Seasun Games, Giant Network, Well-Link, Hero Entertainment and Ourpalm.

•

Financial service. We started to offer financial service cloud solutions in 2018 as we identified huge cloud demand from the financial service sector. We have pioneered the private deployment of public cloud solutions, which could effectively address the pain points faced by financial institutions amid the evolving regulatory requirements and digital transformation, and allow them to unlock the value of data assets. We have accumulated deep domain expertise and amassed a group of high quality customers in this sector. Our Data Lakehouse platform has been successfully deployed for a large state-owned bank in China. As of June 30, 2022, our customers include 18 out of the top 20 leading Chinese banks.

In addition, we are closely monitoring various end markets with emerging demand for cloud services, and have developed solutions for selected emerging sectors, such electric vehicle. Since 2021, we have been providing cloud services to an EV (Electric Vehicle) manufacturer and supporting them in EV development and operation.

Customer-centric Product Development

Customer-centric research and development. We stay committed to cloud-native technology development and have built up customer-centric research and development capabilities. To fulfill business needs of customers, we have been promoting seamless collaboration between solution development and service team and research and development team. With first-hand observations of customers’ business, we are able to respond and tailor our solutions to address their needs in a timely manner. Leveraging our industry know-how, we also preemptively develop solutions to optimize customer experiences. For example, on top of our big-data middleware, we have developed different data management system suitable for different industries. Our technology platform acts as the foundation for product development and innovation to continuously address the evolving business needs of our customers, enabling us to constantly enhance customer engagement.

Modularized products to drive penetration. We have established a complete portfolio of modularized products leveraging on our proprietary advanced technologies. By completing featured projects with industry-leading customers, we are able to develop a unified suite of applications with purpose-built industry

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characteristics, which are interoperable with our product offerings. All of those modularized products can be readily assembled and deployed to serve other customers in the same or adjacent vertical, empowering us on gaining more businesses and market share in the same vertical. For example, we have successfully built a cloud-based healthcare information management system for a provincial digital health project in China. The core modularized products we developed for such project include one cloud infrastructure, one data lake, and four middleware (一雲一湖四中台), which are tailored to the healthcare industry and can function independently or together. Utilizing such core modularized products, we are able to quickly penetrate and provide solution to other customers in the healthcare sector. As a result, we have created a virtuous cycle where more collaborations with leading customers lead to more advanced solutions and featured projects, which lead to further industry penetration, and consistently improved R&D efficiencies.

Proprietary technologies and strong R&D capabilities. We have developed a complete portfolio of products based on our proprietary technologies, which could be delivered to our customers as components of our industry solution and ensure they have effective control over those products and eliminate external technology dependencies. The execution of our research and development strategy is backed by our strong and expanding research and development talent pool and continuous investment in research and development. As of June 30, 2022, our research and development team consisted of 1,144 people, and solution development and services team consisted of 7,377 people, in aggregate accounting for 87.3% of our total employees.

Strong Customer Conversion Capabilities and Go-to-market Efficiencies

We adopt a premium customer strategy. We seek to serve leading players in selected verticals in order to establish strong sector presence more efficiently. By completing featured projects with industry-leading customers, we are able to demonstrate our enterprise service and technology capabilities as well as strengthen our brand, which in turn empower us on acquiring more customers within those vertical.

We are dedicated to maintaining a continuous and long-term service coverage for our customers. Such service model enhances the engagement with our customers, and enables us to understand their needs in a timely manner and to identify new business opportunities. With our in-house fulfillment and deployment practice, we are able to identify customers’ needs on real time basis and promote cross selling. As a result, we have fostered a solid customer base and achieved improving unit economics. Moreover, our customers tend to procure more products and solutions as our offerings are constantly upgraded and extended along with customers’ business developments. Our premium customer focus and cross-selling initiatives have significantly contributed to our go-to-market efficiencies. In 2019, 2020 and 2021, we had a total of 243, 322 and 597 Premium Customers, respectively. For the same periods, our net dollar retention rate of Public Cloud Service Premium Customers was 155%, 146% and 114%, respectively.

Experienced Management Team and Strong Synergies with Our Strategic Shareholders

As one of the first-generation cloud companies in China, our experienced management team with entrepreneurial spirit has been leading us since our establishment, achieving rapid and continued growth of our business. Combining solid technology background with in-depth understanding of industry verticals, our management team is committed to pursuing innovative solutions to bring greater value to customers.

We also enjoy strong synergies with our strategic shareholders, including Kingsoft Group and Xiaomi. We offer cloud solutions to Kingsoft Group. We are also able to leverage the sales network of Kingsoft Group through cross-selling opportunities. We cooperate with Xiaomi and its ecosystem participants to develop cloud solutions for emerging sectors.

OUR STRATEGIES

Our growth strategies are as follows, which we believe would empower us to further achieve strong growth and a stronger market position:

Strengthen Our Market Position in Strategically Selected Verticals

We will continue to strengthen our market presence in our strategic verticals through retaining existing customers and attracting new customers. We plan to further enhance our relationship with existing customers

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by expanding our product offerings and creating cross-selling opportunities. In addition, we intend to offer customers additional solutions along with their business growth to further strengthen customer stickiness and increase our wallet share in existing customers. We also plan to further promote our modularized products and industry-specific solutions to penetrate such verticals and acquire more customers.

Enhance Our Presence in New Verticals and Grow Our Customer Base

We intend to expand our solution offerings to cover more verticals with strong growth potential. We will focus on capturing the massive demand from traditional enterprises and public service organizations in the next growth phase of China’s cloud service market. Leveraging our proven record in more established verticals with scalable cloud spending such as video and gaming, we also plan to further tap into emerging verticals, such as electric vehicle, and logistics. Meanwhile, we will continue to adopt our premium customer strategy to cover and anchor industry leaders in such new verticals, and further optimize our products and services to meet various industry demands.

Enhance Our End-to-end Solution and In-house Fulfillment and Deployment Capabilities

We are dedicated to continuing to leverage our industry expertise and technological capabilities to offer end-to-end solution. We will further unleash the synergies from the Camelot Group acquisition by leveraging and integrating its nationwide fulfillment and deployment capacities in China. By adhering to industry-leading standards, we will stay committed to in-house fulfillment and deployment, which we believe would allow us to improve customer satisfaction and retention.

Continue to Invest in Infrastructure and Technology

Infrastructure is fundamental to our cloud platform. Therefore we plan to continue to invest in our extensive infrastructure in order to deliver higher-quality cloud service and enhance the economies of scale. Particularly, we plan to further enhance our infrastructure in first tier cities with more concentrated cloud services demand, as well as to deploy our infrastructure based on the projects of our customers. As a technology-driven cloud company, we aim to increase investment in research and development of advanced technologies such as container and data lake.

Capitalize on Scale Advantages and Improve Operational Efficiency

We have been benefiting from economies of scale and we will continue to improve operational efficiency to further unlock the economies of scale. In this regard, we plan to optimize the deployment of our computing, storage and network resources and to further improve the utilization of our infrastructure.

Enhance Our Collaborations with Business Partners

We will continue to collaborate with business partners, including our strategic shareholders and industry-leading customers to develop vertical solutions with industry best practices, which will help us continue to build up industry know-how and sector knowledge. We also aim to strengthen our relationships with system integrators to retain and expand our customer base across various industries.

OUR PRODUCTS AND SOLUTIONS

Public Service Cloud Solution

Our public service cloud solutions are based on the public cloud architecture and can be easily and quickly deployed. These cloud solutions help public service organizations enhance productivity and efficiency. With capabilities of cloud computing and big data, public service organizations can achieve the goal of data integration, simplifying streamlining processes, improving efficiency, ensuring safety and reducing costs and realizing digital transformation.

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The key value we bring includes:

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Digitalization: Public service organizations are able to connect data across multiple departments, improve work efficiency and enhance security, which ultimately realize digital transformation.

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Reliability: The cloud platform adopts high-availability technology and security protection system, which can guarantee the stable and uninterrupted operation of the platform.

•

Comprehensiveness: We can provide a series of services from the construction of underlying cloud data center, big data management, big data analytics, etc., which meets the public service organizations’ requirements for critical aspects of cloud platform product functions.

		Case study
		Since 2015 we have been providing public cloud solutions to Beijing Public Service Cloud, one of the largest and earliest deployed public sector cloud platforms in China. Beijing Public Service Cloud provides secure cloud services to various public sector organizations in Beijing. We have been supporting an increasing number of organizations through their platform. As of the Latest Practicable Date, our solutions have supported over 50 public sector organizations in Beijing. Our public service cloud solutions provide high reliability and data security. Our solutions help empower the digitalization and cloud migration of public services.

Healthcare Cloud Solutions

Our healthcare cloud solutions provide high-performance, secure resources and technologies, and a full portfolio of applications and services for the healthcare industry. We provide cloud services covering hospital operations, medical supervision, medical insurance payment, medical treatment and eldercare relying on our top-level cloud resources, abundant cloud products and excellent cloud service. It features big data analysis service for administrators, health management service for residents, cloud infrastructure for large and medium medical institutions and cloud application service for small and medium medical institutions. We have successfully deployed flagship projects for leading institutions.

The key value we bring includes:

•

Digitalization: Leveraging our comprehensive Picture Archiving & Communication System (“PACS”), we provide solutions of medical image storage, sharing, management, quality control, and related applications. We help healthcare institutions develop a complete medical image ecosystem by leveraging unified data resources, data processing and computing to support unified system construction, deployment, and service solutions. We help healthcare institutions and hospitals improve radiology workflow, better manage the storage of images, and realize healthcare interoperability.

•

Intelligent and collaborative operation: We help customers build regional healthcare platforms with unified cloud infrastructure, cloud-native technology for the middle office, big data platforms and medical resource systems. We provide DataOps capability to help the healthcare industry solve data silos, improve collaboration and the automation of data flow, and enhance collaborative synergies among regional healthcare systems.

•

Low cost construction and on-demand use: All the application systems are based on the cloud computing architecture and can be used as needed without heavy assets investment.

•

Improving private medical service capability: The solution represents a cloud upgrade for grassroots information system to provide private medical services and enhance functions such as intelligent assistance and remote medical service, which significantly improves private medical service capability.

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Implementation of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system: The solution breaks the information barrier between superior and subordinate medical institutions in the same region, which realizes information interaction and data sharing.

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		Case study
		For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, we have successfully built the cloud-based healthcare information management system for a provincial digital health project in China. Leveraging our in-depth industry know-how and technologies, we have developed core modularized products, namely one cloud infrastructure, one data lake, and four middleware (一雲一湖四中台), which are tailored to medical use cases and can function independently or together. The platform has connected major public hospitals, pharmacy chains, community clinics and government agencies, and achieved systematical record of medical data, which then help the organization to increase efficiency of a series of scenarios including public diseases monitoring, consistent chronic condition inpatient and outpatient treatment, pharmaceuticals distribution, and residents EMR maintenance.

Game Cloud Solutions

We started to offer game cloud solutions in 2014, when the mobile gaming market was set to grow exponentially. We have developed a full-stack platform for game companies to incubate, test and operate their games in cloud environments. With our game cloud solutions, our customers are able to provide a seamless experience and direct playability for gamers across all devices. Game cloud solutions enable enterprises to develop advanced and unique games with better in-game user experience, lower response time, as well as lower operational and maintenance costs.

Our game cloud solutions primarily consist of three categories, namely architecture solutions, management solutions and operation solutions. Architecture solutions focus on addressing the users’ needs for computing and storage capabilities. Based on the features of different game genres, we offer customized architecture solutions, such as cloud migration solutions. Management solutions help game companies to efficiently manage the games, covering game updates, maintenance and security. Operation solutions help users to operate and promote games and deliver better experiences to gamers. As of June 30, 2022, we have provided game cloud solutions to leading game companies in China such as Seasun Games, Giant Network, Well-Link, Hero Entertainment and Ourpalm.

The key value we bring includes:

•

High concurrency: Our game cloud solutions can effectively reduce the system requirements and pressure for game servers through large-scale and simultaneous cloud computation, which in turn allows for a large number of concurrent players.

•

Low latency: Developed upon our extensive network infrastructure across the world at large scale, we are able to satisfy game companies’ demands for low latency and enable them to deliver high-speed game experiences.

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Security: Our game cloud solutions offer various security protections against isolated incidents and security failures to ensure player experience is not affected and to maintain high-availability at all times.

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Failure recovery: By integrating high-quality EBS, Elastic IP and SLB products, our game cloud solutions enable game companies to easily recover from failures in application or underlying layers within seconds.

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Disaster recovery: Our game cloud solutions provide multipath BGP and cross-region elastic deployment, eliminating operation risks from failures in any single data center.

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		Case study
		Well-Link is a leading cloud gaming developer in China. We work with Well-Link to provide cloud solutions to a cloud game which has become globally renowned, enabling smooth and rich game experiences to users. For example, leveraging our multi-line and large bandwidth capabilities, we ensured smooth — in-game experience across regions for players, while ensuring graphic quality. Moreover, we offer cloud servers, network and storage products and end-to-end solution for cloud gaming, enabling user interactions across different types of devices and lower the device requirement to run the games.

Financial Service Cloud Solutions

We started to offer financial service cloud solutions in 2018 as we saw huge cloud demand in financial service sector. We have pioneered the private deployment of public cloud technologies, which could effectively address the pain points faced by financial institutions amid the regulatory requirements and digital transformation, and allow them to unleash the value of data assets. For example, our Data Lakehouse platform has been successfully deployed for a large state-owned bank in China. Furthermore, we acquired Camelot Group in September 2021 to further enhance our financial service cloud solutions. Camelot Group offers comprehensive and digitalized solutions such as teller or branch systems, anti-money laundering and fraud prevention software services to the financial services industry. The key value we bring includes:

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Digital transformation: Our customized financial service architecture solutions, by providing high-performance cloud computing service at lower costs, enable financial institutions to achieve digital transformation and migrate to cloud.

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Cloud native benefits: Our financial service cloud native solutions enable financial institutions to enjoy various benefits brought by cloud technologies, including high security, reliability, availability and flexibility.

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Business innovation: Our intelligent financial service solutions equip financial institutions with big data analytics capabilities, enabling them to easily and efficiently realize business innovations.

		Case study
		We provide a customized data cloud platform to Bank A, a large state-owned bank, to establish a centralized data management platform. By offering massive data integration, processing and analytics capabilities, we address Bank A’s needs for digital transformation. We provide various cloud-based data products to build a one-stop data analytics platform, realizing centralized management and allocation in complex operation environment. We provide data storage of 15 PB for the platform, which is compatible with both structured and unstructured data. We offer efficient task scheduling management, data asset services covering metadata and data lake, enabling Bank A to save underlying server and storage resources. Based on the business needs of Bank A, we help them develop modularized SaaS products for various business scenarios, such as regulatory reporting, auditing and anti-money laundering.

		Case study
		Zhihu is a leading online content community in China. We started to provide large-scale cloud native platform since 2019, enabling full cloud migration at IaaS level and partial cloud migration at PaaS level. The cloud native platform helps Zhihu reduce total IT costs and improve resource utilization efficiency. Such large-scale cloud native platform consists of a wide range of cloud storage products, bare metal servers, container services, big data and database products, establishing a massive container cluster, thereby enhancing data processing capabilities of Zhihu. Leveraging cloud native container technologies, the container cluster closely functions with other cloud services, enhancing the elasticity of resources and fast deployment. The high performance cluster is able to support over 4,000 nodes, over 3,000 image concurrency and monitoring response within one second.

		Case study
		Shouqi Yueche is a leading online ride hailing platform in China. We started to cooperate with Shouqi in 2020 by offering comprehensive cloud solutions. We provide cloud-native services and help Shouqi establish an IT security system. Our elastic cloud resources help Shouqi to process massive rider hailing orders during peak hours, enabling them to better serve its users.